鞍结分岔与极限诱导分岔的电压稳定性评估

提出了一个改进的约束优化方法来计算电压稳定性评估指标——负荷裕度，并以此来评估新型的电压崩溃现象——极限诱导分岔和传统的鞍结分岔。为了和现有的一些电压评估算法保持一致性，发电机无功极限约束被引进到了优化问题的约束条件中，并以此来判定无功，电压约束转换点和判断系统的电压崩溃类型。针对不同的系统模型，文中给出了各个系统的电压崩溃类型和负荷裕度。算法的有效性通过IEEE30，57，118母线系统、西日本（West-J）27母线系统和1个1047母线系统模型的仿真的得到了验证。该方法可有效地应用于电力系统电压稳定分析与评估领域。     

一类化学反应的振荡性

本文讨论化学反应A+B→2B,B→C中有逆反应时,其对应的数学模型,给出了存在唯一极限环的条件,并考虑了其何时产生强迫振荡。     

具HollingⅡ型功能反应的食饵—捕食系统的定性分析

本文对非线性密度制约的具HollingⅡ型功能反应的食饵—捕食系统进行了定性分析,给出了唯一正平衡点全局渐近稳定和存在唯一稳定极限环的充分条件,参数的变化是大范围的。     

An enhanced strain 3D element for large deformation elastoplastic thin-shell applications

In this work a previously proposed solid-shell finite element, entirely based on the Enhanced Assumed Strain (EAS) formulation, is extended in order to account for large deformation elastoplastic thin-shell problems. An optimal number of 12 enhanced (internal) variables is employed, leading to a computationally efficient performance when compared to other 3D or solid-shell enhanced elements. This low number of enhanced variables is sufficient to (directly) eliminate either volumetric and transverse shear lockings, the first one arising, for instance, in the fully plastic range, whilst the last appears for small thickness values. The enhanced formulation comprises an additive split of the Green-Lagrange material strain tensor, turning the inclusion of nonlinear kinematics a straightforward task. Finally, some shell-type numerical benchmarks are carried out with the present formulation, and good results are obtained, compared to well-established formulations in the literature.Funding by Ministério da Ciência e do Ensino Superior (FCT and FSE) (Portugal) under grant PRAXIS XXI/ BD/21662/99; as well as the funding by FEDER, under grant POCTI/EME/47289/2002, are gratefully acknowledged.     

Psi(+)] prion generation in yeast: characterization of the 'strain' difference

The yeast cytoplasmically-inherited nonsense suppressor [PSI(+)] determinant is presumed to be a manifestation of the aggregated prion-like state of the Sup35 protein. Overexpression of the Sup35 protein induces generation of [PSI(+)] determinants with various suppressor efficiency and mitotic stabilities. Here, we demonstrate that the relative frequency of appearance of [PSI(+)] with different properties depends on the SUP35 allele used to induce their generation. The difference in properties of [PSI(+)] determinants was preserved after their transmission from one yeast strain to another. This difference correlated with variation in properties of the Sup35 protein. A novel type of prion instability was observed: some [PSI(+)] with weak suppressor efficiency could convert spontaneously into strong suppressor determinants.     

Undrained Limit States of Shallow Foundations Acting in Consort

There is no established procedure for the calculation of bearing capacity of a shallow foundation system comprising cojoined footings. Ad hoc approaches are relied on and may simply involve summing the ultimate limit states of the individual footings as if they acted independently; neglecting additional capacity of the system available from the kinematic constraint provided by the structural connection between the footings. In this study, the undrained capacity under general loading of rigidly connected two-footing systems at various separations has been investigated with finite-element analyses. Results are presented in terms of ultimate limit states under pure vertical (V), horizontal (H), and moment (M) loading, and failure envelopes defining limiting load states under combined VH, VM, HM, and VHM loads. Kinematic failure mechanisms observed in the finite-element analyses are presented and in cases used to provide the basis for upper bound solutions.     

Displacements of Multiblock Geotechnical Structures Subjected to Seismic Excitation

A method is presented for calculations of irreversible displacements of multiblock structures subjected to seismic excitation. Use is made of the kinematic approach of limit analysis. To make the analysis tractable a hodograph representing distribution of accelerations in the structure is introduced. Distinction is made between soils conforming to the associative and nonassociative flow rules, and the importance of this distinction is demonstrated. The yield acceleration calculated for slopes comprised of soils conforming to the nonassociative flow rule is lower than that for a soil with the same strength parameters, but its deformation governed by the associative flow rule. Consequently, the displacements predicted for the former are larger. An example of a slope is demonstrated, but the method presented is applicable to other structures, such as retaining walls and embankments.     

Finite element plastic loads for circumferential cracked pipe bends under in-plane bending

This paper proposes plastic loads (limit load and twice-elastic-slope (TES) plastic load) for pipe bends with circumferential through-wall and part-through surface cracks under in-plane bending, based on three-dimensional FE limit analyses. The material is assumed to be elastic-perfectly plastic, and both the geometrically linear (small strain) and nonlinear (large geometry change) effects are considered. Regarding a crack location, both extrados and intrados cracks are considered. Based on the FE results, closed-form approximations of limit and TES plastic loads are proposed for practical applications, and compared with corresponding solutions for straight pipes.     

A rotation‐free shell triangle for the analysis of kinked and branching shells

This paper extends the capabilities of previous BST and EBST rotation‐free thin shell elements to the analysis of kinked and branching surfaces. The computation of the curvature tensor is first redefined in terms of the angle change between the normals at the adjacent elements. This allows to deal with arbitrary large angles between adjacent elements and to treat kinked surfaces. A relative stiffness between elements is introduced to consider non‐homogeneous surfaces. This idea is latter generalized to deal with branching shells. Several linear and non‐linear examples are presented showing that the formulation leads to the correct results. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spatial characterization of joint planes and stability analysis of tunnel blocks

It has been gaining credence over the past several decades that the spatial characteristics of rock joints exert detrimental effect on the stability of tunnel structures. The deterministic joint spatial distribution around the tunnel was defined by digital photogrammetry technique, which statistically provides the basis for performing Monte-Carlo simulation of stochastic joints that are hidden inside the surrounding rock. The blocks generated by the intersection between structural planes and excavation surfaces were analyzed based on the block theory and limit equilibrium. The keyblocks were identified and the corresponding factors of safety were determined. All these analysis procedures were codified into the computer program GeoSMA-3D (Geotechnical Structure and Model Analysis). The developed software satisfied the fast analysis requirements of joint plane simulation, spatial block modelling, keyblock identification and failure process illustration. The case study was performed with reference to Dabeigou Tunnel on Duolun Second-class Highway in Duolun Town, Nei Mongol, China. Failure process illustration would be useful to facilitate the practical engineers to understand the basic mechanism and select the strengthening strategies.