Numerical simulation on magnetic flux leakage evaluation at high speed

High-speed non-destructive inspection (NDI) systems using magnetic flux leakage method (MFL) is in great demand in online metal inspection and defect characterisation, especially in pipeline and rail track inspection. For MFL systems at high speed measurement, in addition to magnetic flux, eddy currents exist in metal specimen because of the relative movement between the probe and specimen. These currents alter the profile of electromagnetic field, which increases difficulty in signal interpretation and defect characterization. In this paper, eddy currents generated by high speed movement and their characterisation in high-speed MFL inspection systems were investigated by using numerical simulations. Besides, the MFL signals from high speed MFL measurement against defect depth were examined.     

电磁连铸用高频磁场内磁感应强度的分布

用小线圈法测定了等幅高频磁场和调幅高频磁场内的磁感应强度，两种磁场的磁感应强度在空间分布的规律基本相同，即同一高度平面上沿径向方向从线圈中心至边缘其磁感应强度依次增加，在线圈高度方向上，磁感应强度在线圈高度的1/2附近达到最大值。等幅高频磁场的磁感应强度随高频电源输出电流的增加而增加，磁场调幅处理能提高磁场内的磁感应强度，提高调幅波信号的幅值电压，可有效提高磁场内的磁感应强度。     

钢管表面缺陷检测用交变漏磁检测系统

介绍基于A3515霍尔元件的交变漏磁检测系统的设计，包括检测系统的组成和测试方法。钢管裂纹的检测试验表明，该系统能很好地实现钢管表面和近表面裂纹的检测。在对缺陷信号进行分析处理的基础上，提出了基于缺陷环的识别方法。     

Study on Magnetic Domains in Sm-Co Based Alloy

ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎＭａｇｎｅｔｉｃＤｏｍａｉｎｓｉｎＳｍ－ＣｏＢａｓｅｄＡｌｌｏｙＬｉｕＡｎｓｈｅｎｇ，ＳｈａｏＢｅｉｌｉｎｇ，ＷａｎｇＸｉａｏｈｕａａｎｄＷａｎｇＪｉｎｇ（刘安生）（邵贝羚）（王晓华）（王敬）（ＧｅｎｅｒａｌＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔ...     

Ti(CN)基金属陶瓷微观组织的研究

用X－射线，电子探针及磁性测量等手段对Ti（CN）基金属陶瓷切削刀具的显微组织进行了系统分析，以瑞典山特维克同类刀具与国产刀具进行对比，发现国产刀具中Co-Ni粘结相中出现了无磁性的Ni3TiC相，从而降低了材料的磁饱和、矫顽磁力及抗弯强度。Ni3TiC的出现与烧结气氛有关，是烧结时材料脱碳的结果。文章对材料中的硬质相、粘结相等进行了微区成份定量分析，确认了各元素的分配状况。对于轻元素氮的分市则采用了X－射线波谱仪对刀具断面进行扫描，发现与国外名牌产品相比，国产刀具中氮的分布欠均匀。     

Isothermal oxidation behavior of FeCo–2V intermetallic alloy

Isothermal oxidation behavior and the nature of oxide layer formed during oxidation of FeCo–2V alloy were characterized in the temperature range of 500–600 °C. Oxidation kinetics of the alloy follows a parabolic rate law. SEM and XRD studies indicate the formation of an iron rich outer oxide layer and an inner solute rich layer containing cobalt and vanadium rich oxides. The oxidation mechanism of the FeCo–2V alloy is similar to that of low alloy steels. During the initial stages, preferential oxidation of iron and cobalt occurs at the alloy surface and leads to the formation of a solute rich inner layer. Continued oxidation occurs through oxidation of iron and cobalt at the outer layer and internal oxidation of inner layer. The iron rich oxide layer formed at the surface on oxidation of FeCo alloy is semi-conducting in nature and may not provide the necessary insulating barrier required at the surface to minimize eddy current losses during A.C. applications.     

直流超导量子干涉器的无损检测研究

利用高温直流超导量子干涉器（DC SQUID）建立一套无损检测装置，对无磁不锈钢材料受到外力冲击后产生的剩余磁场进行了探测，利用电磁激励的方法，对有内部缺陷的铝板进行了试验研究，并对激励频率的选择进行了初步的讨论。     

俄罗斯航空修理厂无损检测状况一瞥

介绍俄罗斯某厂航空修理中无损检测技术的应用及方法，包括磁粉探伤中的围磁法和弹簧通电磁化法，超声瑞利波探伤的沟槽探头，涡流探伤的旋转探头，荧光渗透检验中的湿法显示以及复合材料的声阻法检测。上述方法能有效发现缺陷隐患，保证航空修理质量，值得借鉴。     

磁粉检验用标准试块的研制

介绍磁粉检验用B型和E型标准试块的设计、结构、研制、试验和应用。结果表明，两种标准试块都达到了国外同类标准试块的先进水平。     

Behavior of residual carbon in Sm(Co, Fe, Cu, Zr)z permanent magnets

When sintered Sm(Co, Fe, Cu, Zr)_z permanent magnets are prepared by metal injection molding, some organic binders are added in alloy powder, which leads to much residual carbon in the magnets. The residual carbon decreases magnetic properties and destroys the microstructure of the magnets. In this paper, the behavior of carbon in Sm(Co, Fe, Cu, Zr)_z permanent magnets has been studied. The results indicate that Sm(Co, Fe, Cu, Zr)_z magnets can keep excellent magnetic properties when the carbon content is below 0.1 wt.%: Br ≥ 10 kGs, H_cj ≥ 22 kOe, BH_max ≥ 25 MGOe. When the carbon content is above 0.1 wt.%, Br, H_cj and BH_max decrease with increasing carbon content evidently. Carbon consumes Zr content and forms ZrC, which reduces the volume fraction of the lamella and Sm(Co, Cu)₅ phases. Thus, the cell size increases and the cellular microstructure deteriorates. When the carbon content reaches 0.43 wt.%, there is not enough Sm(Co, Cu)₅ phase to form a uniform cellular microstructure. Br, H_cj and BH_max are approximate to zero. Since carbon has little influence on the content of Sm₂(Co, Fe)₁₇ phase, Ms can keep a high value (≥100 emu/g). ZrC has high melting point (3420 °C) and acts as dispersion particle in the magnets, which prevents the grains of SEM structure growing and reduces the liquid content of green compacts during sintering. Therefore, the density of the magnets decreases.