CO2在全氟羧酸离子交换膜内促进传质特性的研究

本文以全氟羧酸离子交换膜为支撑体、乙二胺(EDA)为活性络合剂、制备促进传质膜。在常用的工业条件下,测定了纯CO_2以及CO_2/N_2二元混合物在该膜内的渗透通量。实测结果表明,此膜对CO_2的促进因子可达13.8,而对CO_2/N_2的分离因子高达316。本文假设促进传质过程的控制步骤为气体在膜相的扩散,据此导出了相应的机理模型,该模型与实测结果吻合良好。     

ZrO2 和Al2O3支撑的MFI 型沸石分子筛膜:支撑体材料对膜性能的影响

采用水热合成法，以纯SiO2为源物质，在介孔Y2O3掺杂的ZrO2(YZ)及大孔α-Al2O3支撑体上制备出高质量的MFI型沸石分子筛膜，通过H2／n-C4H10气体混合物的渗透分离和p-xylene的蒸发研究了不同支撑体上MFI型沸石分子筛膜分离性能，在较低温度范围，YZ支撑的MFI型沸石分子筛膜中n-C4H10的渗透率比Al2O3支撑的膜高很多，最大n-C4H10与H2的分离率达到500，Al2O3支撑的膜中py-xylene的蒸发流量随时间下降很快，而YZ支撑的膜中的蒸发流量则变化缓慢，用XRD对膜的晶体结构进行分析，通过多种温度下热处理不同支撑体上的膜样品研究了其热稳定性与支持体材料的关系，YZ支撑的MFI型沸石分子筛膜的MFI结构在1000摄氏度后仍能保持，而Al2O3支撑的膜950摄氏度时已完全转变为石英相，研究结果表明，YZ支撑的MFI型沸石分子筛膜比Al2O3支撑的膜表现出更好的厌不性，热稳定性以及抗阻塞性。     

Effect of polymer density on polyethylene hollow fiber membrane formation via thermally induced phase separation

Microporous high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) hollow fiber membranes were prepared from polyethylene–diisodecyl phthalate solution via thermally induced phase separation. Effect of the polyethylene density on the membrane structure and performance was investigated. The HDPE membrane showed about five times higher water permeability than the LDPE membrane because it had the larger pore and the higher porosity at the outer membrane surface. The formation of the larger pore was owing to both the initial larger structure formed by spinodal decomposition and the suppression of the diluent evaporation from the outer membrane surface due to the higher solution viscosity. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 471–474, 2004     

纤维素衍生化手性固定相的制备和对噻吗洛尔拆分

用超声方法合成了三(3,5-二硝基苯甲酰基)纤维素(CTNB)、三(4-溴苯甲酰基)纤维素(CTBB)、三(苯甲酰基)纤维素(CTB)、三(4-甲基苯甲酰基)纤维素(CTMB)、三(4-硝基苯甲酰基)纤维素(CTPB).将此类衍生化纤维素作为薄层色谱的手性固定相,结合展开剂的优化,对噻吗洛尔对映体进行拆分研究,并对衍生化取代基对拆分效果的影响以及对映体在手性固定相上的拆分机理进行了详细的探讨.     

Studies on phase separation rate in porous polyimide membrane formation by immersion precipitation

Phase separation rate during porous membrane formation by immersion precipitation was investigated by light scattering in a polyimide/N‐Methylpyrrolidone (NMP)/water system. In the light scattering measurement, plots of scattered intensity against scattered angle showed maxima in all cases, which indicated that phase separation occurred by a spinodal decomposition (SD). Characteristic properties of the early stage of SD, such as an apparent diffusion coefficient D_app and an interphase periodic distance Λ, were obtained. The growth process of Λ was also followed by light scattering. The growth rate had the same tendency as D_app when water content in the nonsolvent bath and the polymer concentration in the cast solution were changed. The pore size of the final membrane increased with decreasing water content, which was opposite to the tendency of Λ growth rate. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 292–296, 2003     

中空纤维超滤膜去除乳酸钙中蛋白质的研究

发酵法联合生产乳酸-乳酸钙工艺中,分离出的乳酸钙产品含有蛋白质、还原糖、重金属等杂质,影响产品的品质。本实验研究了中空纤维膜对乳酸钙中蛋白质的去除,并分析了压差、温度、浓度及pH值等因素的影响。得到了较好的工艺操作条件为Δp=0.05MPa,Δ=30g/L,30°C,pH=4。进一步提出用多步超滤能提高蛋白质的去除率15%～27%。     

膜分离技术在炼油厂氢气膜回收装置中的应用

介绍了膜分离技术及其在中国石油吉林石化分公司炼油厂柴油加氢车间氢气膜回收装置中的应用。重点介绍了该装置的工艺特点,针对生产中常出现的问题做了分析,并提出了处理措施,对生产过程进行了优化调整。采用气体膜分离技术回收含氢尾气中的氢气,氢气回收率为74.45%,渗透气中氢气体积分数为90%,提高了炼厂氢气资源的利用效率,经济效益显著。     

钙钛矿锰氧化物(La_(1-x)Nd_x)_(0.5)Ca_(0.5)MnO_3(0≤x≤1)的结构,磁性和电输运性质

系统研究了(La1-xNdx)0.5Ca0.5MnO3(x=0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0)系列样品的结构、磁性质和电输运性质。研究表明,所有样品的结构都为钙钛矿正交结构(空间群Pbnm),随着掺杂浓度x的增大,样品的晶格参数a,b,c和晶胞体积V都呈减小的趋势;磁性质的研究表明所有样品在低温下均出现电荷有序态,且电荷有序转变温度随着Nd3+的掺杂浓度x的增加而升高;除了Nd0.5Ca0.5MnO3(x=1.0)外,其它样品均出现顺磁-铁磁转变,其转变温度(即居里温度)随着Nd3+的掺杂浓度x的增加而降低;(0.2≤x≤0.8)样品的铁磁态均出现在电荷有序温度以下,表现出再入型(reentrant)铁磁态性质;电输运性质的研究表明,所有样品的电阻率随温度的升高而下降,表现为绝缘体性质。     

组成对分相-析晶乳浊釉显微结构及表面性质的影响

采用X射线衍射、透射电镜和扫描电镜等测试手段,研究了不同组成对分相-析晶乳浊釉显微结构及釉面性状的影响.研究表明:B2O3和P2O5能促进分相形成,并且由于分相具有很小的表面张力而使其液滴易于长大.适量引入CaO能使液滴尺寸增大,体积分数提高,但过量引入会由于析晶而使体积分数降低.控制分相液滴尺寸接近可见光波长以及使釉中析出适量钙钠长石晶体可获得最佳的乳浊效果,而液滴过大或过小都难以获得较佳的乳浊效果.     

磁场对膜分离土霉素发酵液性能的影响研究

研究了外加磁场对膜分离土霉素发酵液性能的影响,结果表明,外加磁场有助于提高膜通量,在外加磁场条件下,有利于改善膜分离效果.