Investigation of polymer electrolyte hybrid supercapacitor based on manganese oxide-carbon electrodes

A hybrid supercapacitor based on manganese oxide, activated carbon and polymer electrolyte was developed and electrochemically investigated. The capacitive performance obtained from the polymer electrolyte based supercapacitor was similar to that of an aqueous electrolyte based supercapacitor, tested for comparison in the same operative conditions. A durability test carried out for 2500 cycles showed stable and slowly increasing performance. The specific capacitance of hybrid supercapacitor was 48 F g⁻¹ (192 F g⁻¹ as a mean one electrode capacitance), in which that of the positive electrode was 384 F g⁻¹ of MnO₂ and that of negative electrode 117 F g⁻¹ of carbon. The impedance analysis evidenced that although the polymer electrolyte based hybrid supercapacitor showed higher resistance compared to that of the liquid electrolyte based supercapacitor, this drawback was counterbalanced by better ion transport features, which were evident at lower frequencies, where similar values of capacitances were obtained from the different supercapacitors.     

锂电化学嵌入尖晶石型二氧化锰研究

通过X—射线粉末衍射物相分析、微电极循环伏安法以及稳态极化曲线测量,研究了λ—MnO_2在非水锂电池体系中的充放电特性。发现在充放电过程中,涉及锂离子的嵌入、脱出过程,而λ—MnO_2的尖晶石骨架结构[Mn_2]O_4保持不变。讨论了锂离子嵌入过程的机理。     

锌锰纸板电池浆层纸的测定

本文根据浆层纸在干电池中的作用和对其性能要求,在我们长期实践和探索的基础上,参照国内外纸类取样和检验方法,提出评价浆层纸理化性能优劣的项目,并介绍了取样、试样处理和检测方法。     

MnO_2电极交流阻抗法

本文依据双传输线模型给出电极阻抗和界面电位分布的计算方法。从交流阻抗实验结果讨论了MnO_2电极利用均一性问题。     

电池用EMD的晶粒度和物相组成

本文用D/max-rC型转靶×射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对不同产地EMD的晶型、物相及晶粒尺寸进行了测定和计算,并结合制成电池的放电性能数据进行了比较,给出了最佳晶粒尺寸范围和γ/β型二氧化锰含量比。     

采用TAB快速测定EMD性能

TAB(聚四氟乙烯乙炔黑)是好的导电和粘结合二为一的材料,采用该材料能快速评定EMD的性能。     

[H3NNH3]2K2MnMo9O32·(NH3)·3H2O: synthesis and crystal structure determination of a novel heteropolyoxometallate related to the Waugh structure

A novel heteropolyoxometallate with the formula [H₃NNH₃]₂K₂MnMo₉O₃₂·(NH₃)·3H₂O has been prepared in water solution. The crystal structure of the title compound was determined by the single-crystal method. This new mixed metal anionic complex crystallizes in the rhombohedral space group R3 (No. 146) with a=b=15.873(5), c=12.344(6) Å, γ=120°. The disordered structure contains three molecules in the unit cell. Full-matrix least-squares refinements of the title complex yielded final reliability (R) factors of 0.0356 (Rw=0.0868) with a goodness-of-fit (GOF, Σ₂) value of 1.099 based on 1430 [I>2σ(I)] observed reflections. All Mo and Mn atoms are six-coordinated octahedrally to form a Mn-centered cage with a Mo₉O₃₂ group as the framework.     

Thermal stability of metal-supported catalysts for reduction of cold-start emissions in a wood-fired domestic boiler

The aim of the present work is to develop a catalyst based on a mixture of manganese oxides and platinum supported on a metallic monolith for abatement of emissions from wood combustion, particularly during the cold-start phase. The activity and the thermal stability of the catalysts have been studied in the laboratory, before performing tests in a wood-stove. The effect of the hydrothermal treatment at 900°C on the adherence of the washcoat onto a metallic substrate was studied using scanning electronic microscope. It revealed well-adhering washcoat onto the metallic support due to the growth of the alumina whiskers during the treatment. The influence of the amount of washcoat, as well as the influence of the concentration of manganese oxides in it (Mn: 5 to 20 mol%/Al₂O₃) on the activity of fresh and hydrothermally-treated catalysts were studied. The activity tests were carried out using a mixture of carbon monoxide, naphthalene and methane in the presence of air, steam and carbon dioxide to resemble the flue gases from wood combustion. On the fresh catalysts, containing the same total amount of manganese, a high concentration of manganese oxides in the washcoat favoured the oxidation of carbon monoxide and naphthalene, whereas a lower concentration of manganese oxides in the washcoat gave higher activity for the oxidation of methane. An increased total amount of manganese oxides in the catalysts, which had the same amount of washcoat, resulted in an increase in activity for the oxidation of the three combustibles. After thermal treatment at 900°C for 270 h in steam, most of the manganese oxide catalysts were activated for the oxidation of carbon monoxide and naphthalene while only being slightly deactivated for the oxidation of methane. The addition of manganese oxides in the washcoat, however, lowers the temperature of the γ- to -alumina phase transformation. Platinum (0.5 mol%) was added to the manganese oxide (10 mol%) catalyst to improve its activity. A platinum catalyst was also tested for comparison. The platinum and the mixed catalysts showed similar activity for the oxidation of carbon monoxide and naphthalene, while the mixed catalysts were more active for the oxidation of methane. A similarly mixed MnO_x–Pt (10–0.5 mol%) catalyst supported on Al₂O₃ stabilised with 3% lanthanum, but at larger scale, was tested in a wood-stove. The possibility of pre-heating the catalyst during the start-up phase was studied. The tests revealed a strong decrease of the carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons emissions during the start-up phase when the catalyst was pre-heated with hot air compared with no pre-heating or no catalyst.     

Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of LiMn2O4 cathode materials for lithium polymer batteries

Spinel LiMn₂O₄ powders with sub-micron, narrow particle-size distribution, and phase-pure particles were synthesized at low temperatures from aqueous solution of metal acetate containing glyoxylic acid as a chelating agent by a sol-gel method. The effects of the calcination temperature and glyoxylic acid quantity on the physicochemical properties of spinel LiMn₂O₄ powders were examined with X-ray diffractometry (XRD), the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Porous LiMn₂O₄ electrode was characterized electrochemically with charge/discharge experiments and A.C. impedance spectroscopy. The cycling performance of a Li/polymer electrolyte/LiMn₂O₄ cell has been discussed in terms of contact and interfacial resistance by A. C. impedance spectroscopy.     

高硬度含铁含锰地下水的处理

黑龙江双城市净水厂原水取用地下水,其含有铁、锰和高硬度,采用石灰软化法、曝气和常规水处理工艺,处理后水中的铁、锰和硬度均达到《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)。但由于采用石灰软化去除硬度,出水中残存的硬度多以CaCO3和Mg(OH)2沉淀物形式存在,致煮沸水中表面有白色沉淀物薄膜,因此采取在滤后水中加入少量盐酸的方法,使煮沸水中不再出现白色沉淀物薄膜。去除硬度的生产废水中含有高浓度的CaCO3和Mg(OH)2沉淀物,直接排放会堵塞下水道和污染接纳水体,故进行了生产废水处理以利于环境保护和污泥回收利用。