一种便携式船舶气象仪仿真仪

为了解决船舶气象仪维修过程中存在的故障诊断困难、对维修人员要求较高以及专家随船维修不现实等问题,研制了一种便携式船舶气象仪仿真仪。该仿真仪的硬件部分采用模块化设计,主要模块均设计有基于AVR单片机的低功耗嵌入式系统,各模块间通过CAN总线连接,并可按需组态;软件部分设计有基于专家知识库和故障树分析法的专家系统故障诊断模型。试验结果表明,该仿真仪能够对现有各型号船舶气象仪的故障进行快速识别和准确定位,从而大大提高了船舶气象仪的维修保障能力。     

表面微结构自抛光防污涂层的制备与性能研究

为了研究表面微结构与自抛光的协同防污效果,将具有吸水溶胀能力的微球加入到自抛光树脂中,通过交联反应制备了表面微结构自抛光防污涂层,考察了涂层浸水过程中表面微结构形貌、溶胀、自抛光性能和抑制小球藻附着性能。研究结果表明:涂层自抛光过程中,微结构形貌的变化随微球含量的增加而更加明显;涂层溶胀率与微球的含量正相关,自抛光率与可水解单体含量正相关,但可水解单体含量过大时,涂层溶胀与自抛光成相互制约关系;小球藻附着率随微球含量的增加而增大,随可水解单体含量的增加而下降,当微球分散液质量分数为10%、可水解单体质量分数为40%时,涂层抑制小球藻附着的效果最佳。     

海洋鱼类雪卡毒素的研究进展

雪卡毒素(Ciguatoxin,CTX)是一种重要的海洋鱼类毒素。近年来,雪卡毒素引起的食物中毒事件在我国呈增多趋势。本文通过对雪卡毒素(Ciguatoxin,CTX)的来源、分布、传播载体、化学与毒性特性、中毒爆发情况和检测技术等进行综述,以期为我国建立有效的鱼类雪卡毒素检测方法、构建可靠的雪卡毒素监测预警技术体系,保障消费者的食用安全提供参考。      

湿法制粒与流化床工艺制备海水仔稚鱼微粒饲料研究

本研究采用湿法制粒、流化床制粒包衣、湿法制粒流化床包衣三种工艺分别制备海水仔稚鱼微粒饲料,并对饲料的性能进行分析比较。固体原料超微粉碎后粒径小于20 μm,然后与液体原料经充分混合后作为基础饲料。制备的饲料粒径大多为150～840 μm。扫描电镜观察结果：湿法制粒工艺制备的饲料表面没有连续均匀一致的表面结构;流化床制粒包衣工艺制备的饲料表面有光滑致密的包衣膜;湿法制粒流化床包衣工艺制备的饲料形状较规则,表面有连续均匀一致的包衣膜。湿法制粒、流化床制粒包衣、湿法制粒流化床包衣三种工艺制备的微粒饲料（250～420 μm）在3.50%NaCl溶液1 h的氮保留率分别为43.6%、52.3%、57.5%;沉降速率分别为5.1、4.5、4.9 mm/s;均能均匀的分散于整个水体。     

产胞外多糖海洋细菌M4的发酵动力学研究

应用logistic方程和Luedeking-Piret方程,通过产多糖海洋细菌M4发酵过程得到菌体生长,多糖合成,底物消耗的动力学参数,确定了动力学方程.经验证,动力学模型与实验数据较好拟合.发酵到48h菌体生长趋于稳定期,胞外多糖的合成在快速生长期与稳定期都有合成,120h多糖产量达到最大8.1g/L,属混合型发酵.同时发现在生长稳定期减少氧供给亦能正常合成多糖.     

探测海洋目标的光学遥感器工作波段选择

在遥感器的研制任务中,工作波段的选择对于目标探测和识别至关重要。针对海洋目标探测这种从大背景下探测小目标的应用,分析了限制目标探测的主要因素。以深海水域舰船目标为例,利用大气辐射传输模型MODTRAN 4.0模拟计算了某型号遥感器在可见光谱区域内各个波段的目标/背景对比度和信噪比,并以此作为依据得出结论—对于以海洋目标探测为主要目的的宽波段遥感器来说,其最佳工作波段为0.5m~0.9m。     

海洋环境下混凝土强度的经时变化模型

在总结分析国内外混凝土长期暴露试验和经年建筑物实测结果基础上，分析了海洋环境下混凝土强度的经时变化规律，提出了混凝土强度平均值和标准差的经时数学模型。     

Developing benefit schemes and financial compensation measures for fishermen impacted by marine renewable energy projects

Commercial fishermen are arguably the stakeholder group most likely to be directly impacted by the expansion of the marine renewable energy (MRE) sector. The potential opposition of fishermen may hinder the development of MRE projects and the provision of benefit schemes could to enhance acceptance. Benefit schemes refer to additional voluntary measures that are provided by a developer to local stakeholders. The aim of this study is to explore the issue of the provision of benefit packages to local fishing communities and financial compensation measures for fishermen who may be impacted by MRE projects. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fourteen fishermen from three separate case study sites around the island of Ireland where MRE projects were being developed. In addition, ten company fisheries liaison officers (CFLOs) who have worked on MRE projects in the UK and Ireland were also interviewed. The interviews were analysed under the headings of local employment, benefits in kind, compensation and community funds and ownership of projects. Analysis shows that there is uncertainty among fishermen over whether they would benefit or gain employment from MRE. Provision of re-training schemes and preferential hiring practices could be used by MRE developers to reduce this uncertainty. There was also agreement between fishermen and CFLOs on the need for the provision of an evidence-base and a standard approach for the calculation of disruption payments. A formal structure for the provision of benefit schemes for fishermen would be useful. Furthermore, schemes that provide a range of benefits to fishermen and other stakeholders over the lifetime of a MRE project are more likely to be successful at enhancing acceptance.     

Transient performances of the gas turbine recuperating waste heat through hydrogen rich fuels

Operational rules and control strategies of the chemically recuperated gas turbine (CRGT) in the marine propulsion are investigated in this paper. The Minimization of Gibbs free energy method is used to calculate the diesel-steam reforming reaction which products synthetic hydrogen rich fuels, and a universal model of the chemical regenerator which is easily applied to different application environments is created. The hydrogen production and hydrogen molar fraction are investigated to verify that the CRGT improve the combustion performances under low working conditions. Off-design calculations are performed to derive proper operational rules, and transient calculations are performed to investigate the best control strategies for the systems. The modelling approach of the chemical regenerator can be generally used in the chemically recuperated gas turbine. The elaborate operational rules can greatly improve the thermal efficiencies under every working condition. The system using synchronous control strategies have better regulation speed and operation stability than that using asynchronous control strategies.     

Environmental fatigue behavior of non‐crimp,E‐glass fiber reinforced polyester composites for marine applications

This study is aimed to find the fatigue behavior of Glass Reinforced Plastics, a material which is a widely preferred material for small marine crafts, as well as several other applications. The type of composite tested is hand‐laid E‐glass non‐crimp reinforcements with an polyester resin matrix. The specimens were produced in two standard thicknesses and with these material directions and were tested both under atmospheric and simulated seawater environments for fatigue. It was seen that the results of fatigue lifetime obtained by testing the material in seawater is much lower than the results obtained from testing similar specimens under atmospheric conditions. However, the stress curves indicate the same slope, suggesting that the fatigue failure mechanism of both testing conditions is the same and the fiber‐related factors dominate. It was found that the thickness and material direction did not have a significant effect on the fatigue behavior of the material.