OPTICAL BIOSENSORS FOR LABEL-FREE DETECTION OF BIOMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS

Biosensors are important tools in fields of biophysics, biochemistry, and biomedical engineering because they provide a platform for the detection of various analytes. Currently, fluorescence-based detection methods have been routinely used for their high sensitivity and diverse selections of labeling agents. However, tagging extra molecules (such as dyes) on to one of the binding pair might change the intrinsic binding affinity of that reaction. To do away with this drawback, label-free biosensors based on optical techniques have drawn more and more attention recently because they are non invasive to the biomolecules under investigation. This article reviews some modern optical biosensors including surface plasmon resonance, oblique-incidence reflectivity difference, interferometry, resonant cavity, and resonant waveguide grating. Some of these techniques have already been commercialized for biological applications. While surface plasmon resonance is the most sensitive and commonly used method, oblique-incidence reflectivity difference provides comparable sensitivity with additional advantages in throughput as well as compatibility. It is believed that in the future, optical techniques will still lead the way in the development of label-free biosensors for biological applications.     

横向磁场中轴向运动条形导电板的组合共振

给出了磁场中轴向运动条形导电薄板的动能、应变能以及电磁力表达形式,应用哈密顿变分原理,推导出了轴向运动导电板的非线性磁弹性振动微分方程。通过位移函数的设定并应用伽辽金积分法,得到横向磁场中对边简支边界约束轴向运动条形板的达芬型磁弹性振动方程。利用多尺度法进行求解,得到组合共振发生时确定共振幅值的幅频响应方程,并给出定常稳定解的判定条件。通过数值算例,得到轴向运动速度、磁感应强度、激励力和轴向拉力等参量不同时的振幅变化规律曲线图以及系统振动的时程响应图和相图,分析了不同参量对共振幅值和非线性特征的影响,并对系统呈现的概周期和混沌运动行为变化规律进行了分析。     

循环泵机械密封失效的原因分析与改进措施

分析了硅钢清洗段循环泵机械密封失效的原因,提出并实施了改进措施,使机封使用情况得到了很大改善,确保了循环泵的安全稳定运行。     

Acoustic resonant response of smooth or rough 3D small objects

This paper presents a new method in order to appreciate the roughness of elliptical or spherical small bodies by using ultrasound. This thing is possible by knowing about 2-4 acoustic resonance frequencies. The maximum diameter and medium roughness of the bodies are evaluated. Small bodies such as tumors can be detected, when other medical devices like ultrasound or tomography computerized cannot evaluate the surface shape because of limited spatial resolution. The method is intended to be used in oncological medicine for early non-invasive diagnostic for cancer, because tumor tissue has outer surface more or less rough, depending on whether or not it is malignant.     

一种串联谐振脉冲调制感应加热变换电路

基于串联谐振电路拓扑结构,设计了一台30 kHz/2kW的串联谐振感应加热变换电路,其主电路采用常规串联谐振的电路结构,通过采样逆变器输出电流来实现功率的闭环调节,获得了感性换流方式、脉冲频率调制(PFM)开关电源,分析了串联谐振感应加热变换电路的工作原理,给出了电路的详细设计方法和相应的实验结果。     

中高温时效处理对Cr21铁素体不锈钢组织和性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电镜并通过硬度和冲击实验,研究了Cr21铁素体不锈钢经固溶+时效处理后的显微组织和性能。结果表明:Cr21铁素体不锈钢经600、650℃和750℃时效处理50 h内均未形成sigma相以及铬的碳化物,主要析出了大量的TiC、NbC和(Ti,Nb)C复合粒子以及少量的Fe2Nb(Laves相)。在600、650℃时效处理50 h内,钢的硬度基本是先升高后降低,韧性先降低后升高。而750℃时效时则硬度几乎一直升高,韧性一直降低。     

Hot Compression Mechanical Behavior of Solution Heat-Treated and Pre-aged Mg-Zn-Gd-Er Alloys

The mechanical behavior of solution heat-treated and pre-aged Mg-6Zn-1Gd-1Er alloys during hot compression (from 180 to 330 °C) has been investigated. The results showed that the flow stress curves of the pre-aged sample (PAS) intersected with that of the solution heat-treated sample (SHTS) during hot compression. At 180 °C, when the true strain is 0.27 and 0.47, the PAS showed larger and smaller stress (210.80 MPa vs. 207.58 MPa and 205.67 MPa vs. 207.93 MPa) than the SHTS, respectively. These phenomena were due to the stronger interaction of W phase and dislocations/twins under the strain of 0.27, while dynamic recrystallization softening occurred under the strain of 0.47. When the temperature increased to 330 °C, the flow stress of PAS and SHTS showed an opposite trend to that of 180 °C. Continuous dynamic recrystallization and particle stimulated nucleation based on slip operations are the main deformation mechanisms under 330 °C. At the true strain is 0.33 and 0.53, the PAS has smaller and larger stress (61.32 MPa vs. 63.69 MPa and 58.75 MPa vs. 57.09 MPa) than the SHTS, respectively. The increasing deformation resistance of dynamic precipitation improved the flow stress under smaller strain and dynamic recrystallization decreased the flow stress under high strain, which resulted the opposite phenomena of SHTS.     

Strain Hardening Associated with Dislocation,Deformation Twinning,and Dynamic Strain Aging in Fe–20Mn–1.3C–(3Cu) TWIP Steels

The effects of Cu on stacking fault energy,dislocation slip,mechanical twinning,and strain hardening in Fe–20Mn–1.3C twinning-induced plasticity(TWIP) steels were systematically investigated.The stacking fault energy was raised with an average slope of 2 mJ/m2 per 1 wt% Cu.The Fe–20Mn–1.3C–3Cu steel exhibited superior tensile properties,with the ultimate tensile strength reached at 2.27 GPa and elongation up to 96.9% owing to the high strain hardening that occurred.To examine the mechanism of this high strain hardening,dislocation density determination by XRD was calculated.The dislocation density increased with the increasing strain,and the addition of Cu resulted in a decrease in the dislocation density.A comparison of the strain-hardening behavior of Fe–20Mn–1.3C and Fe–20Mn–1.3C–3Cu TWIP steels was made in terms of modified Crussard–Jaoul(C–J) analysis and microstructural observations.Especially at low strains,the contributions of all the relevant deformation mechanisms—slip,twinning,and dynamic strain aging—were quantitatively evaluated.The analysis revealed that the dislocation storage was the leading factor to the increase of the strain hardening,while dynamic strain aging was a minor contributor to strain hardening.Twinning,which interacted with the matrix,acted as an effective barrier to dislocation motion.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.