Competitive removal of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ by poly(acrylamide‐co‐maleic acid) hydrogels/differential pulse polarographic determination

Poly(acrylamide‐co‐maleic acid) [P(AAm/MA)] hydrogels, with various compositions, were prepared from ternary mixtures of acrylamide (AAm)/maleic acid (MA)/water by using ⁶⁰Co γ‐rays. The effect of composition of these hydrogels, on the competitive removal of Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Zn²⁺ ions from aqueous solution, was investigated. The hydrogel compositions and their adsorption behaviors were determined by use of differential pulse polarography, a very sensitive electroanalytical technique. It was observed that the external stimuli of pH, temperature, and ionic strength have an important role on the adsorption. The increments of MA content in P(AAm/MA) hydrogels caused a significant increase in the adsorption these ions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 2401–2406, 2004     

3-十二烷氧基-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵水溶液与烷烃的动态界面张力

用旋转滴法测定了3-十二烷氧基-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵（R12TAC）水溶液与系列烷烃的动态界面张力（DIFT），考察了浓度、温度和烷烃链长对DIFT的影响，并详细表征了DIFT随时间的变化过程。根据修正的Word-Tordai方程计算了DIFT的有关参数。结果表明：R12TAC浓度越大，DIFT曲线越低，DIFT下降越快，达平衡值的时间越短；随R12TAC浓度的增大，表观扩散系数Da从2．02×10^-10m^-2·s^-1减小到0．14×10^10m^-2·s^-1，吸附势垒Ea从2．60kJ·mol^-1增大到9．32kJ·mol^-1；温度升高，DIFT降低，表观扩散系数Da升高，而吸附势垒降低；固定一种表面活性剂溶液，测定R12TAC／系列烷烃溶液的动态界面张力，发现R12TAC／正己烷体系的DIFT最低，这与表面活性剂在水和油中的溶船度有关。     

Modeling of solid—liquid adsorption: Effects of adsorbent loads on model parameters

The adsorption of cobalt phthalocyanine dye onto activated carbon in a continuous stirred tank adsorber was studied. The variables investigated were: adsorbent mass, adsorbent particle size and fluid flowrate. Several models based on film, pore and surface diffusion were constructed and fitted to the experimental data. Experimental results showed: (i) the increasing importance of the film mass transfer resistance for increasing adsorbent loads; (ii) the increasing importance of the surface diffusion mechanism for increasing adsorbent loads; and (iii) the better discrimination among different models for higher adsorbent loads and lower flowrate.     

Interaction of methane with surfaces of silica,aluminas and HZSM-5 zeolite. A comparative FT-IR study

Infrared investigations on the interaction of methane with silica, aluminas (, and ) and HZSM-5 zeolite have been carried out. At low temperature (173 K), methane adsorption was observed over these oxides and HZSM-5 zeolite. Our findings featured that the infrared inactive ₁ band (2917 cm^–1) of a gaseous methane molecule became active and shifted to lower frequencies (2900 and 2890 cm^–1) when it adsorbed on the surfaces of these adsorbents. Our results also demonstrate that hydroxyl groups played a very important role in methane adsorption over the acidic oxides and the HZSM-5 zeolite. When interaction between the hydroxyl groups and methane took place, the band shift of the hydroxyl groups varied with different oxides. The strength of the interaction decreased according to the following sequence, Si-OH-Al>Al-OH>Si-OH, which is in accordance with the order of their acidities. At higher temperatures, methane interacted quite differently with various oxides and HZSM-5 zeolite. It has been observed that the hydroxyl groups of silica, -alumina and HZSM-5 zeolite could exchange with CD₄ at temperatures higher than 773K, while those on -alumina could exchange at a temperature as low as 573 K. Another interesting observation was the formation of formate species over Al₂O₃ (both and ) at temperatures higher than 473 K. The formate species would decompose to CO₂, or produce carbonate at much higher temperatures. Formation of formate species was not observed over silica and HZSM-5 under similar conditions, -Al₂O₃ did not adsorb or react with methane in any case.     

微波法制备的有机膨润土及吸附性能研究

研究了利用微波制备双阳型有机膨润土的适宜条件,对微波法制备有机膨润土的机理进行了分析,并与常规法合成的有机膨润土在结构与吸附性能方面进行了对比。结果表明,微波法制备双阳型有机膨润土的适宜条件为两种阳离子型表面活性剂总用量为100CEC,微波辐照能量210J/mL。与常规湿法的相比,有机膨润土的层间距、有机碳含量有所提高,对染料的去除率有较大提高。     

EXAFS and XPS Investigations of Cu/ZnO Catalysts and Their Interaction with CO and Methanol

Several investigations have been carried out on Cu/ZnO catalysts by employing extended Xray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). EXAFS investigations of Cu/ZnO catalysts subjected to hydrogen reduction show the presence of Cu¹⁺ species and Cu microclusters. The proportion of Cu¹⁺ depends on the rate of increase of the reduction temperature and on the amount of alumina added. An XPS study of the interaction of CO with model Cu/ZnO catalysts prepared in situ in the electron spectrometer shows the formation of CO₂ ^-, CO₃ ^2- and C₂O₄ ^2- species, their proportion relative to CO increasing with the Cu¹⁺/Cu⁰ ratio. A study of the interaction of CH₃OH with Cu clusters deposited on ZnO films reveals reversible molecular adsorption and the formation of CH₃O on clean Cu clusters. If the Cu clusters are pretreated with oxygen, however, both CH₃O and HCOO^- species are produced. Model Cu/ZnO catalyst surfaces containing both Cu¹⁺ and Cu⁰ species show interesting oxidation properties. On a Cu⁰-rich catalyst surface, only the CH₃O species is formed on interaction with CH₃OH. On a Cu¹⁺rich surface, the HCOO^- ion is the predominant species.     

Inhibition effect of some polymers on the corrosion of cadmium in a hydrochloric acid solution

The effects of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), sodium polyacrylate (NaPA), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), pectin (P), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on the corrosion of cadmium in a 0.5M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution were studied with both electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel plot techniques. Measurements were carried out at cathodic, open‐circuit, and anodic potentials. All the investigated polymers had inhibitory effects on both the cathodic (except for NaPA, P, and CMC) and anodic processes, with a predominant anodic inhibiting action. However, NaPA, P, and CMC exhibited a slight cathodic inhibiting action only at higher polymer concentrations. This behavior may be attributed to the very weak adsorbability of the polymers on the cathodic sites. Because PVA and PEG had hydroxy groups, there could be bridging between the polymer and the surface, resulting in an inhibiting effect in the HCl solution. However, PVA had much greater adsorbability on the surface than PEG at the anodic potential. The adsorption of most of the polymers obeyed a Temkin adsorption isotherm, and this indicated indicating that the main process of inhibition was adsorption. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 866–871, 2003     

超高交联树脂吸附对硝基苯乙酮和对硝基苯甲酸的研究

研究了NDA-150、NDA-99、NDA-88、Amberlite XAD-4．4种吸附树脂对对硝基苯乙酮和对硝基苯甲酸的静态吸附行为。结果表明NDA—150树脂对硝基化合物的吸附效果较好。并研究NDA-150树脂的动态吸附和脱附行为．结果显示：NDA-150树脂对对硝基苯甲酸的吸附容量为2．32mmol／g干树脂，对对硝基苯乙酮的吸附容量为3．06mmol／g干树脂。NDA—150树脂易于脱附，吸附对硝基苯甲酸后．用2％NaOH：乙醇(体积比1：1)作脱附剂，温度313K；吸附对硝基苯乙酮后，用甲醇作脱附剂，温度333K，体积6BV，脱附率均接近100％。     

阳离子型双子表面活性剂的合成及表面活性

合成了一种季铵盐型双子表面活性剂Gem in i 12-3-12,采用红外光谱、元素分析和两相滴定法对其结构和纯度进行了分析,测定了不同浓度表面活性剂水溶液的表面张力,并得到临界胶束浓度(CMC)、饱和吸附量(Γm ax)、单分子饱和吸附面积(Am in)。结果表明,Gem in i 12-3-12的收率为77.2%,纯度为98.4%,它与相应的单尾基十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)的表面活性相当,但CMC比DTAB低14倍左右。     

Effect of porous structure and surface functionality on the mercury capacity of a fly ash carbon and its activated sample

The effect of porous structure and surface functionality on the mercury capacity of a fly ash carbon and its activated sample has been investigated. The samples were tested for mercury adsorption using a fixed‐bed with a simulated flue gas. The activated fly ash carbon sample has lower mercury capacity than its precursor fly ash carbon (0.23 vs. 1.85 mg/g), although its surface area is around 15 times larger, 863 vs. 53 m²/g. It was found that oxygen functionality and the presence of halogen species on the surface of fly ash carbons may promote mercury adsorption, while the surface area does not seem to have a significant effect on their mercury capacity.