氰化滚镀铜工艺实践与探讨

氰化滚镀铜溶液中碳酸钠含量和主盐浓度不当,都会影响产品的质量.影响碳酸钠含量的因素较多,如溶液的pH值及NaOH浓度,槽电压等.对其具体影响进行了研究,提出措施:NaOH浓度在5.0～7.5 g/L可以将碳酸钠浓度控制在工艺范围内;降低镀槽电压和增加阳极面积有利于降低碳酸钠的浓度;较高的主盐浓度可以提高镀液的电流效率和均镀能力,有利于降低电镀成本.     

微波联合碱液煤炭脱硫研究

采用微波联合碱液的方法进行煤炭脱硫实验研究,考察了煤炭粒度、碱液浓度、辐照时间、微波功率对脱硫效果的影响,以及脱硫前后煤中矿物质与含硫官能团的变化。结果表明:在所选择的参数范围内,脱硫率随着煤炭粒度的减小而增大,随着碱液浓度、辐照时间、微波功率的增大而增大。XRD分析表明,脱硫后煤中矿物质种类未发生显著变化,但含量明显降低。红外光谱分析表明,脱硫后煤的整体结构未发生显著变化,但含硫官能团吸收峰明显减弱。     

Surface Modification and Characterization of PET Fibers

Improvement in synthetic fiber based composites is a hot topic in the material area.The incompatibility between the surfaces of synthetic fibers is a significant challenge due to fibers hydrophobic property.In this study,PET(polyethylene terephthalate) fibers based on low hydrophilic were slightly treated with NaOH or sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS).SEM images showed that there were some pits on the surface of PET fibers treated by NaOH,while PET fibers treated by SDBS became smoother.The peaks at 3725 cm~(-1) and 3628 cm~(-1) were generated for PET fibers treated by NaOH,which was attributed to—OH produced from the ester group hydrolysis,but no same peak is shown for the treated ones by SDBS.Meanwhile,the crystallinity indices of the treated PET fibers slightly decreased.Compared with original PET fibers,the formation of sheet made from PET fibers treated by NaOH became worse,but that from SDBS treated PET fibers became better.     

NaOH作添加剂对NO_xOUT工艺的试验影响

对NaOH作添加剂对尿素作还原剂的选择性非催化还原(NOxOUT)脱硝工艺的影响进行了试验研究。无添加剂时,在780℃～1 000℃范围内随温度升高,NO的浓度先降低后升高,N2O浓度先升高后降低,转折点为900℃。随着氨氮比增大,NO去除率增大,N2O浓度也随之升高,总的NOx去除率由于N2O的影响提高不明显。有NaOH作添加剂时,随着NaOH的添加量的增大,N2O的浓度逐渐减小,NO的浓度在较低温度时,先减小后增大,较高温度时,一直增大,但变化幅度要比N2O小。在氨氮比为1.5且有NaOH作添加剂时,900℃条件下可得到73.48%的总NOx去除率。NaOH对工艺的影响是产生活性基元和去除尿素分解生成的HNCO联合作用,后者作用较大。因尾气中钠盐主要以NaNCO形式存在,由此引起的烟气碱性增大的程度并不严重。     

钙法除硝工艺

介绍了引进钙法除硝新工艺的运行状况,结果表明新工艺不仅解决了钡法除硝工艺存在的问题也改进了钙法澄清工艺,解决了结堵、分离不彻底及操作困难等问题,全年可节约原料费用377万元。     

阳极氧化钽酸锂薄膜在NaOH溶液中的腐蚀行为研究

通过阳极氧化法在高纯钽片表面制备了钽酸锂复合薄膜,采用浸泡失重法和电化学测试法考察了镀膜前后样品在10% (质量分数) NaOH溶液中的腐蚀行为。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪分别对薄膜的物相组成、表面及截面形貌、膜层厚度进行了测试分析。结果表明,阳极氧化后得到的复合薄膜由钽酸锂和氧化钽组成;该薄膜与基体之间结合良好,厚度约3 μm;镀膜后样品的质量腐蚀速率至少减少了6倍,腐蚀电流密度下降了2个数量级,腐蚀96 h后样品表面没有明显变化。而对比的纯钽样品却发生了严重的腐蚀反应,生成了很多长条状和多棱柱状的腐蚀产物Na₃TaO₄、Na₂Ta₂O₆和Na₈Ta₆O₁₉。     

A Versatile Particle Beam Interface for Coupling Hplc to Ion Trap,Quadrupole and Sector Mass Spectrometers

Abstract

A two-stage particle beam LC-MS interface, capable of being coupled to a quadrupole, sector or ion trap mass spectrometer, is described. The device has a modular design, allowing operating parameters to be easily optimized whilst in use. Successful coupling to a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer (ITMS) is achieved using a novel heated transfer line for analyte vaporization and scan routines which eliminate solvent ion effects.     

Influence of the preparation conditions on the properties of gold catalysts for the oxidation of glucose

In this work, two deposition–precipitation methods for the preparation of gold catalysts for glucose oxidation were investigated. Thus far, gold colloids immobilized on carbon have been used for catalytic glucose oxidation, but the long-term stability of these systems was not sufficient. To improve the long-term stability we used the deposition–precipitation methods using NaOH (DP NaOH) or urea (DP urea) as precipitation agents as they were described by Haruta and Dekkers, respectively, using alumina as a support material. With these methods, it was possible to prepare highly active and selective catalysts which showed an excellent long-term stability. DP urea was found to be the preferred method, because in contrast to DP NaOH, no losses of gold occurred during the preparation, and it was possible to adjust various gold contents up to 10 wt% Au.     

阳离子交换器出力不足的分析及处理

针对河南神马尼龙化工公司化学水装置阳离子交换器出现的出力不足问题,从工艺、设备、树脂、再生系统等方面认真查找和分析,确认是树脂及盐酸存在问题,并采取措施加以解决,给其他化学水处理装置提供了参考和借鉴.     

Solubility of potassium ferrate in 12 M alkaline solutions between 20°C and 60°C

The solubility of potassium ferrate (K₂FeO₄) was measured in aqueous solutions of NaOH and KOH of total concentration 12 M containing various molar ratios of KOH:NaOH in the range 12:0 to 3:9. Several analytical methods were tested for the determination of ferrate concentration. The final method chosen consisted of potentiometric titration of the ferrate sample with an alkaline solution of As₂O₃. The assumption was made that ferrate dissociates in concentrated KOH solutions predominantly to KFeO₄⁻. The solubility constant, S, defined as the product of the molar concentration of the potassium ion, K⁺, and the ferrate anion, KFeO₄⁻, was found to be 0·044 ± 0·006 mol² dm⁻⁶ for 20°C, 0·093 ± 0·004 mol² dm⁻⁶ for 40°C and 0·15 ± 0·09 mol² dm⁻⁶ for 60°C. From these results the heat of dissolution of K₂FeO₄ was calculated as −14·3 kJ mol⁻¹. At 60°C the enhanced decomposition of the ferrate at the higher temperature led to a greater deviation in solubility values compared with data for either 20°C or 40°C.