微织构对Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo合金的应力腐蚀性能的影响

采用EBSD方法对断口以及裂纹扩展路径进行观察,研究了近α型钛合金Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo组织中的微织构对应力腐蚀敏感性和裂纹扩展路径的影响规律。结果表明,微织构区域的形貌为接近平行于轧面的不规则薄片层状,长度方向沿轧向扩展,微织构区的晶粒取向为c轴趋近于与板材横向平行。当加载方向与微织构区的长度方向接近平行时,微织构区内部晶粒易于柱面滑移,降低裂纹尖端的应力集中和降低应力腐蚀敏感性;当加载方向与微织构区的长度方向接近垂直时,微织构区内部晶粒不容易发生柱面滑移和基面滑移,易于造成局部应力集中和形成微裂纹,提高板材的应力腐蚀敏感性。     

有限元分析在解决沙漠胎66×44.00-25径向裂口的应用

利用有限元分析66×44.00-25径向裂口原因,探究产生机理,提出改进方向。结果表明：通过调整胎体和缓冲帘线角度、提高胶料的耐屈挠和耐老化性能,可以解决66×44.00-25早期径向裂口。     

改性聚丙烯纤维对发泡水泥性能的影响

采用丙烯酸化学接枝法对聚丙烯纤维进行表面改性, 研究了改性聚丙烯纤维对发泡水泥塑性收缩开裂、 力学性能及泡孔结构的影响。结果表明, 改性聚丙烯纤维可改善发泡水泥的泡孔结构, 并降低其塑性收缩开裂、 细化其塑性收缩裂缝, 同时可提高其抗折、 抗压强度及弯曲韧性。纤维与水泥的质量比为0.7%时, 试样的泡孔结构明显改善, 塑性收缩开裂值下降了85.4%, 且缝宽小于1 mm的塑性收缩裂缝比例高达73.1%, 同时试样抗折及抗压强度分别增加48.8%和30.3%, 弯曲韧性显著增加。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、 SEM、 光学显微镜对改性前后聚丙烯纤维表面基团及发泡水泥试样的断面微观形貌、 泡孔结构进行了分析, 探讨了改性聚丙烯纤维的作用机制。     

油气分离器失效分析

通过对油气分离器失效部位进行宏观检查、化学成分分析、金相分析、力学性能测试、断口形貌观察及能谱分析,认为工艺介质中硫化氢浓度的上升和材料纯净度不高是导致设备失效的根本原因,并提出了相应的建议。     

A statistical micromechanical model of multiple cracking for ultra high toughness cementitious composites

A new statistical micromechanical model of multiple cracking is proposed in which a general expression of the fiber bridging stress laws in the crack plane is established. In this model, the random distribution properties of fibers are considered. And the Weibull function is adopted to represent the flaw size distribution. The relationships of stress versus strain and crack width versus strain are proposed. The formulas of the crack width, crack space, strain capacity and fracture energy density at the end of multiple cracking processes are also deduced. The validity of the proposed model was demonstrated by experimental results.     

Effect of thermal residual stresses on matrix failure under transverse tension at micromechanical level: A numerical and experimental analysis

In the present work the influence at micromechanical scale of thermal residual stresses, originated in the cooling down associated to the curing process of fibrous composites, on inter-fibre failure under transverse tension is studied. In particular, the effect of the presence of thermal residual stresses on the appearance of the first debonds is discussed analytically, whereas later steps of the mechanism of damage, i.e. the growth of interface cracks and their kinking towards the matrix, are analysed by means of a single fibre model and making use of the Boundary Element Method (BEM). The results are evaluated applying Interfacial Fracture Mechanics concepts. The conclusions obtained predict, at least in the case of dilute fibre packing, a protective effect of thermal residual stresses against failure initiation, the morphology of the damage not being significantly affected in comparison with the case in which these stresses are not considered. Experimental tests are carried out, the results agreeing with the conclusions of the numerical analysis.     

In situ X-ray microtomography characterization of damage in SiCf/SiC minicomposites

The purpose of the present study is to characterize matrix crack propagation and fiber breaking occurrences within SiC/SiC minicomposite in order to validate later on a multiscale damage model at the local scale. An in situ X-ray microtomography tensile test was performed at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF, ID19 beamline) in order to obtain 3-dimensional (3D) images at six successive loading levels. Results reveal a slow and discontinuous propagation of matrix cracks, even after the occurrence of matrix crack saturation. A few fiber failures were also observed. However, radiographs of the whole length (14 mm) of the minicomposites under a load and after the failure were more appropriate to get statistical data about fiber breaking. Thus, observations before the ultimate failure revealed only a few fibers breaking homogeneously along the minicomposite. In addition, an increase in fiber breaking density in the vicinity of the fatal matrix crack was observed after failure. These experimental results are discussed in regards to assumptions used in usual 1-dimensional (1D) models for minicomposites.     

Micro-scale energy dissipation mechanisms during dynamic fracture in natural polyphase ceramic blocks

The dynamic fracture of natural polyphase ceramic (granite) blocks by high-speed impact at 207 m/s, 420 m/s and 537 m/s has been investigated. An electromagnetic railgun was used as the launch system. Results reveal that the number of fragments increases substantially, and the dominant length scale in their probability distributions decreases, as the impact energy is increased. Micro-scale studies of the fracture surfaces reveals evidence of localized temperatures in excess of 2000 K brought on by frictional melting via fracturing and slip along grain boundaries in orthoclase and plagioclase, and via transgranular fracture (micro-cracking) in quartz. The formation of SiO₂- and TiO₂-rich spheroids on fracture surfaces indicates that temperatures in excess of 3500 K are reached during fracture.     

Residual stress influences on structural reliability

Structural integrity is affected by residual stresses in a number of ways, some of which are well known to be beneficial in terms of enhancing fatigue performance of engineering components and structures, e.g. surface peening. Knowledge of some of the other more detrimental consequences of residual stresses is more confined within the metallurgical and materials science community and their occurrence during manufacture or service can cause consternation. The purposes of this paper are thus twofold; firstly to introduce several examples of failures which demonstrate more interesting or unusual problems associated with residual stresses and, secondly, to briefly outline the origins of residual stresses and to consider powerful modern ways of measuring residual stress data in real components.