Chemical reaction kinetics dataset of Cs-I-B-Mo-O-H system for evaluation of fission product chemistry under LWR severe accident conditions

In order to improve LWR source term under severe accident conditions, the first version of a fission product chemistry database named ‘ECUME’ was developed. The ECUME is intended to include several datasets of major chemical reactions and their effective kinetic constants for representative severe accident sequences. It is expected that the ECUME can serve as a fundamental basis from which fission product chemical models can be elaborated for use in the severe accident analysis codes. The implemented chemical reactions in the first version were those for representative gas species in Cs-I-B-Mo-O-H system from 300 to 3000 K. The chemical reaction kinetic constants were evaluated from either literature data or calculated values using ab-initio calculations. The sample chemical reaction calculation using the presently constructed dataset showed meaningful kinetics effects at 1000 K. Comparison of the chemical equilibrium compositions by using the dataset with those by chemical equilibrium calculations has shown rather good consistency for the representative Cs-I-B-Mo-O-H species. From these results, it was concluded that the present dataset should be useful to evaluate fission product chemistry in Cs-I-B-Mo-O-H system under LWR severe accident conditions, where kinetics effects should be considered.     

钚及其裂变产物钯 、银 、镉 、锡 、锑 、锆的系统分离方法

描述了钚及其6种裂变产物钯、银、镉、锡、锑、锆的系统分离方法：在强碱性阴离子交换树脂柱上将盐酸介质的辐照靶溶解液中的这些元素分为5组,然后再针对各组目标元素进行分离和纯化,可简便快速地从同一份靶溶解液中分离以上7种元素。采用辐照铀靶对分离方法进行了验证,结果表明,分离流程对6种裂变产物的化学回收率均大于70%,对γ谱仪测量干扰的主要核素去污因子均大于1.0×10³,可满足²³⁹Pu裂变谷区核素裂变产额测量对化学分离的要求。     

基于衰变链计算的裂变产物缓发γ能谱分析

在军控核查技术中,缓发γ能谱是核材料的“指纹”。为计算和分析铀裂变产物的缓发γ能谱,本文将各种类型的衰变链简化为基态线性链和激发态线性链,推导了零时前后各级核素数目的变化公式,建构了计算缓发γ射线能谱的C语言程序代码,并通过实验对理论推导进行了验证。通过分析几种核素的缓发γ射线计数发现,计算结果与实验数据吻合较好。     

塔北中新生代构造演化与砂岩型铀成矿作用关系——来自磷灰石裂变径迹的证据

塔里木盆地北部萨瓦甫齐及塔里克地区4个样品的磷灰石裂变径迹测年以及热史反演结果显示,两个地区的隆升时代不同,其中萨瓦甫齐地区裂变径迹年龄为3.5～3.9 Ma,而塔里克地区的裂变径迹年龄为53～59 Ma.热史分析揭示出岩体至少记录了自晚白垩世以来的3个显著冷却阶段.同时,结合前人对塔北中新生代隆升剥蚀研究结果,重点对塔北地区中新生代构造隆升阶段进行了详细研究与划分,结合新疆中新生代砂岩型铀成矿年龄,提出了对塔北地区中新生代构造演化与砂岩型铀成矿作用的新认识.     

鄂尔多斯盆地热演化史与油气关系的研究

通过镜质体反射率、包裹体测温、磷灰石裂变径迹等多种古地温研究方法,结合盆地构造演化史,恢复了鄂尔多斯盆地热演化史,古生代到中生代早期地温梯度都较低(2.2～3.0℃/100m),中生代晚期地温梯度升高到3.3～4.5℃/100m,新生代以来逐渐降低到2.8℃/100m.古生代和中生代早期,地温锑度低,气源岩热演化程度低.有利于有机质的保存.中生代晚期地温梯度高,是古生界碳酸盐岩及煤系地层的主要生气期和运移期.新生代以来地温逐渐降低,生气作用减弱或停止.鄂尔多斯盆地内部缺乏断裂,生气高峰期较晚,有利于大气田的保存,鄂尔多斯盆地中央古隆起由于孔隙发育又临近主要生气区,应是首选的勘探目标.     

A neutronics analysis of long-life, sectored compact reactor concepts for lunar surface power

Neutronics analysis is performed of low temperature (≤900 K) Sectored Compact Reactor (SCoRe-N_x) concepts for operational lives >20 years. They are cooled with circulating liquid Nak-78. The reactor vessel and the UN fuel pins cladding are made of stainless steel. The power systems with the SCoRe-N_x concepts have no moving parts and employ SiGe thermoelectric elements for converting the reactor’s thermal power to electricity at a load voltage >300 VDC. Separate SiGe elements power the electromagnetic pumps that circulate the liquid NaK-78 in the reactor and 6 pairs of primary and secondary loops. Analysis confirmed that the submerged bare reactors in wet sand and flooded with seawater, in the unlikely event of a postulated launch abort accident, are sufficiently subcritical. Results show that the SCoRe-N₅-S concept is capable of operating for 62 full power years at 200 kW_th, while requiring 75% of the control drums to shutdown the reactor at BOL. With only 50% of the control drums required at BOL to shutdown the reactor, its operational life decreases to 39 full power years.     

Novel episomal vectors and a highly efficient transformation procedure for the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces japonicus

Schizosaccharomyces japonicus is a fission yeast for which new genetic tools have recently been developed. Here, we report novel plasmid vectors with high transformation efficiency and an electroporation method for Sz. japonicus. We isolated 44 replicating segments from 12 166 transformants of Sz. japonicus genomic fragments and found a chromosomal fragment, RS1, as a new replicating sequence that conferred high transformation activity to Sz. japonicus cells. This sequence was cloned into a pUC19 vector with ura4⁺ of Sz. pombe (pSJU11) or the kan gene on the kanMX6 module (pSJK11) as selection markers. These plasmids transformed Sz. japonicus cells in the early‐log phase by electroporation at a frequency of 123 cfu/µg for pSJK11 and 301 cfu/µg for pSJU11, which were higher than previously reported autonomously replicating sequences. Although a portion of plasmids remained in host cells by integration into the chromosome via RS1 segment, the plasmids could be recovered from transformants. The plasmid copy number was estimated to be 1.88 copies per cell by Southern blot analysis using a Sz. pombe ura4⁺ probe. The plasmid containing ade6⁺ suppressed the auxotrophic growth of the ade6‐domE mutant, indicating that the plasmid would be useful for suppressor screening and complementation assays in Sz. japonicus. Furthermore, pSJU11 transformed Sz. pombe cells with the same frequency as the pREP2 plasmid. This study is a report to demonstrate practical use of episomal plasmid vectors for genetic research in Sz. japonicus. RS1 has been submitted to the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank database (Accession No. AB547343). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Transmutation-incineration potential of transuraniums discharged from PWR-UO2 spent fuel in modified PROMETHEUS fusion reactor

This study presents the potential of the burning and/or transmutation (B/T) of transuraniums (TRUs), discharged from the pressured water reactor PWR-UO₂ spent fuel, in the modified PROMETHEUS-H fusion reactor. Two different design shapes (Models A and B) were considered. The transmutation zone (TZ), which contains the mixture of TRU nuclides (10%), was located in the modified blankets. The volume fraction of Pu in the mixture is raised from 0 to 40% stepped by 10% to determine its effect on the B/T. The fuel spheres were cladded with SiC (5%) and cooled with high-pressured helium gas (85%) for nuclear heat transfer. The calculations were performed for an operation period (OP) of up to 10 years by 75% plant factor (η) under a neutron wall load (P) of 4.7 MW/m². The results bring out that: (1) the Model B transmutes the TRUs more rapidly than the Model A; (2) the effective half-lives decrease about 20 and 40% with the increase of Pu fraction in the cases of Models A and B, respectively; (3) the M values are quite high with respect to the M value of the original PROMETHEUS fusion reactor; (4) the blankets can produce substantial electricity in situ.     

随机中子场探测器效应的影响

用随机中子场下的几率细致平衡主方程讨论了探测器效应对测量结果产生的影响,提出了可用增加探测器对中子的作用几率来减少影响,提高精度。     

97Tc制备方法

为了采用同位素稀释质谱分析法准确测定环境中的痕量⁹⁹Tc，需要以⁹⁷Tc作稀释剂。采用天然Ru为辐照原料，建立了碱熔→水浸取→沉淀→萃取→阴离子交换的化学分离流程，确定了⁹⁷Tc的制备工艺。该流程的化学产额大于70％，对Ru的去污因子大于10^７。 