Study on phase behavior–impact strength relationship of unsaturated polyester/polyurethane hybrid polymer network

The phase behavior of a hybrid polymer network (HPN) composed of poly[(propylene glycol maleate)-co-(propylene glycol phthalate)] crosslinked with styrene and polyester–urethane crosslinked with methylene-bis-ortho-chloroaniline was examined. The correlation between phase separation and impact strength of the HPNs is discussed. The composition of HPNs has an effect on their properties.     

A simplified cascade current‐source inverter interconnected to a single‐phase three‐wire distribution system and its application to electric energy storage systems with batteries

A novel current source inverter system interconnected to the single‐phase grid is proposed. It has the same construction as the conventional three‐phase current source inverter that is interconnected to the single‐phase three‐wire distribution system. Though the proposed circuit has no output transformer, it can be equivalently performed as the single‐phase double cascade inverter by diverting the pole transformer in the utility system. By controlling the appropriate scheme, the output currents can be obtained as the five‐level waveforms and their distortions can be decreased sufficiently. It is applied to the interactive electric energy storage system with batteries and the basic discharging characteristics are discussed experimentally. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 150(2): 50–61, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10380     

Solid-liquid phase equilibria of benzene + 2-methyl-2-propanol system under high pressures

Solid-liquid phase equilibria of the benzene + 2-methyl-2-propanol system have been investigated at temperatures from 278 to 323 K and pressures up to 300 MPa using a high-pressure optical vessel. The uncertainties of the measurements of temperature, pressure and composition are within ±0.1 K, ±0.5 MPa, and ±0.001 mole fraction, respectively. The freezing pressure at a constant composition increases monotonously with pressure. The eutectic point shifts to a higher temperature and benzene-rich composition with increasing pressure. In order to describe the pressure-temperature-composition relation of high-pressure solid-liquid phase equilibria, a new simple equation has been proposed as follows:

Site occupations and ordering behaviour of O phase in Ti2AlNb—based intermetallics

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｏｒｔｈｏｒｈｏｍｂｉｃａｌｌｏｙｓａｒｅｏｆｇｒｅａｔｔｅｃｈ ｎｏｌｏｇ ｉｃａｌｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｉｎｈｉｇｈｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｙｈａｖｅａｇｏｏｄｂａｌａｎｃｅａｍｏｎｇｓｔ     

Characterization of blasted austenitic stainless steel and its corrosion resistance

It is known that the corrosion resistance of stainless steel is deteriorated by blasting, but the reason for this deterioration is not clear. A blasted austenitic stainless steel plate (JIS-SUS304) has been characterized with comparison to the scraped and non-blasted specimens. The surface roughness of the blasted specimen is larger than that of materials finished with #180 paper. A martensite phase is formed in the surface layer of both blasted and scraped specimens. Compressive residual stress is generated in the blasted specimen and the maximum residual stress is formed at 50–100 μm from the surface. The corrosion potentials of the blasted specimen and subsequently solution treated specimen are lower than that of the non-blasted specimen. The passivation current densities of the blasted specimens are higher those of the non-blasted specimen. The blasted specimen and the subsequently solution treated specimen exhibit rust in 5% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution, while the non-blasted specimen and ground specimen do not rust in the solution. It is concluded that the deterioration of corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel through blasting is caused by the roughed morphology of the surface.     

Polylactide films formed by immersion precipitation: Effects of additives,nonsolvent, and temperature

The influence of nonsolvent, crystallinity of the polymer film, and addition of dodecane (a poor solvent for the polymer and for the nonsolvent) on the morphology of polylactides films has been investigated and was related to phase separation behavior. Both amorphous poly‐DL ‐lactide (PDLLA) and crystalline poly‐L ‐lactide (PLLA) were dissolved in dichloromethane, and subsequently films were made by immersion in nonsolvent baths. PDLLA gave dense films without any internal structure, since the structure was not solidified by crystallization or glassification. PLLA films show varying structure depending on the nonsolvent. With methanol, asymmetric morphologies were observed as a result from combined liquid‐liquid demixing and crystallization, while with water symmetric spherulitic structures were formed. As a next step, dodecane was added, which is not miscible with the nonsolvent, and we found it to have a strong influence on the morphology of the films. The PDLLA films with dodecane did not collapse: a closed cell structure was obtained. In PLLA films, dodecane speeds up phase separation and induces faster crystallization in the films, and the porosity, size of the pores, and interconnectivity increased. When the PLLA solutions were subjected to a heat pretreatment, crystallization could be postponed, which yielded a cellular structure around dodecane, which did not contain spherulites anymore. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 959–971, 2007     

环己烷液相无催化剂的氧化动力学研究

采用搅拌釜反应器,在确认已排除传质因素对反应速率影响的情况下,研究了环己烷液相无催化剂的氧化反应动力学。应用自由基理论及最优化计算技术,从导出的8个候选动力学模型中,确定了最佳的动力学模型,它能满意地描述环已烷氧化过程。该动力学可为环己烷氧化工业生产操作条件的优化、反应器的选型及工业设计提供依据。     

Degree of crosslinking and mechanical properties of crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) beads for use in solid-phase organic synthesis

The limited swellability in polar media of the commonly used polystyrene/divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) support materials for solid-phase organic synthesis has led to the development of novel, highly swellable hydrophilic gels designed for use in aqueous or polar media. Poly(vinyl alcohol) beads crosslinked with epichlorohydrin (PVA-EP) were prepared by a two-step inverse-suspension polymerization method. While it is known that the morphology of the resulting beads can be controlled by the ratio of EP versus PVA as well as by the pre-crosslinking time, the actual degree of crosslinking of the beads and their mechanical properties remain unknown. It is therefore the purpose of this study to evaluate the actual degree of crosslinking of beads prepared with different quantities of crosslinker in the feed by spectroscopic (Raman, nuclear magnetic resonance) and chemical (functional group loading) methods. The mechanical properties of these swollen PVA-EP beads will be evaluated by single-bead unconfined compression in solvents such as water, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and compared to model PS-DVB beads commonly used for solid phase synthesis.     

PMMA‐modified divinylester/styrene resins: Phase diagrams and morphologies

Binary and ternary experimental cloud‐point curves (CPCs) for systems formulated with a low molar mass synthesized divinylester (DVE) resin, styrene (St), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were determined. The CPCs results were analyzed with the Flory–Huggins (F‐H) thermodynamic model taking into account the polydispersity of the DVE and PMMA components, to calculate the different binary interaction parameters and their temperature dependences. The St‐DVE system is miscible in all the composition range and down to the crystallization temperature of the St; therefore, the interaction parameter expression reported for a higher molar mass DVE was adapted. The interaction parameters obtained were used to calculate the phase diagrams of the St‐PMMA and the DVE‐PMMA binary systems and that of the St‐DVE‐PMMA ternary system at three different temperatures. Quasiternary phase diagrams show liquid–liquid partial miscibility of the St‐PMMA and DVE‐PMMA pairs. At room temperature, the St‐DVE‐PMMA system is miscible at all compositions. Final morphologies of PMMA‐modified cured St‐DVE materials were generated by polymerization‐induced phase separation (PIPS) mechanism from initial homogeneous mixtures. SEM and TEM micrographs were obtained to analyze the generated final morphologies, which showed a direct correlation with the initial miscibility of the system. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4539–4549, 2006     

相转移催化法合成多聚乙二醇二环氧甘油醚

以多聚乙二醇和环氧氯丙烷为原料合成了多聚乙二醇二环氧甘油醚。NaOH为催化剂,季铵盐为相转移催化剂。结论为:作为催化剂NaOH固体效果优于NaOH溶液;四正丁基硫酸氢铵(TBAS)催化醚化反应效果最佳,GC监测表明,二醚的选择性达98％以上;n(多聚乙二醇):n(环氧氯丙烷):n(NaOH):n(TBAS)= 1:10:7:0．08;反应温度55-60℃;反应时间1．5 h;产率83％。