Multiaxial fatigue life modelling using hybrid approach of critical plane and genetic algorithm

This paper presents a new hybrid approach for multiaxial fatigue life estimation, based on continuum damage mechanics theory and a genetic algorithm with critical plane model formulation. The hybrid model employs a genetic algorithm based setup for calibration with standard proportional and non‐proportional profiles to predict fatigue life for complex loading profiles. The model is evaluated using experimental fatigue life data for SS304 steel. Calibration using simplified profiles is in agreement with the requirement for cost‐effective experimental fatigue life testing. In‐phase and out‐of‐phase loads are used for calibration, and fatigue life is predicted for more complicated profiles. The results show good agreement between the estimated and experimental fatigue life, and calibration through simple loading histories to predict fatigue life for complex histories appears to be an effective solution using the proposed model. A brief comparison is presented with fatigue life estimation performance of the proposed model with models available in commercial codes. Proposed model found to be more consistent in fatigue life prediction against various loading conditions.     

On the geometric factors in fractured media

Abstract

In double‐porosity and multiple continuum models the fractured rock domain can be simplified as two overlapping continua, one for the matrix block system and the other for the fracture network. In this case, it is necessary to define an exchange term accounting for the transfer of fluid and solute masses between the two continua. A newly derived geometric parameter appears in the fluid exchange term, and is valid for any point‐centered block. The geometric parameter is more general and has a clear physical meaning. It is a function of both the shape and the size of the matrix block and agrees well with the double porosity model. The geometric center and conductance of the element is different under the quasi‐steady state compared to the steady state. Quasi‐steady condition is more suitable than steady state condition for modeling fractured media.     

Non-local modeling of thermal shock damage in refractory materials

A non-local damage framework has been coupled with heat transport to model transient thermo-mechanical damage (in particular thermal shock) in refractory materials. The non-locality, to be dealt with to obtain an adequate problem formulation, is introduced by terms accounting for micro-structural strain gradients induced by transient temperature gradients. The parameters figuring in the evolution law for elasticity-based damage are temperature dependent. Damage due to isotropic thermal expansion has been accounted for by proposing a new evolution law. A single variable for the total damage is obtained by combining both damage mechanisms. The influence of non-locality and transient temperature gradients within non-locality is investigated in numerical examples. The phenomenological relevance of the framework is verified by modeling of experiments, which simulate thermal shock under process conditions.     

大区域裂隙岩体渗流水电比拟实验技术的研究

介绍利用水电比拟模型研究大区域裂隙岩体渗流问题的实验方法，对实验中遇到的如区域交形过分，分离变界面连接等问题，提出了看法和解决途径。与水力学网络模型实验结果比较表明，用水电比拟模型研究大区域裂隙岩体渗流问题是可行和简便的。     

Scale transition and enforcement of RVE boundary conditions in second‐order computational homogenization

Formulation of the scale transition equations coupling the microscopic and macroscopic variables in the second‐order computational homogenization of heterogeneous materials and the enforcement of generalized boundary conditions for the representative volume element (RVE) are considered. The proposed formulation builds on current approaches by allowing any type of RVE boundary conditions (e.g. displacement, traction, periodic) and arbitrary shapes of RVE to be applied in a unified manner. The formulation offers a useful geometric interpretation for the assumptions associated with the microstructural displacement fluctuation field within the RVE, which is here extended to second‐order computational homogenization. A unified approach to the enforcement of the boundary conditions has been undertaken using multiple constraint projection matrices. The results of an illustrative shear layer model problem indicate that the displacement and traction RVE boundary conditions provide the upper and lower bounds of the response determined via second‐order computational homogenization, and the solution associated with the periodic RVE boundary conditions lies between them. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于连续体结构拓扑优化的树状结构拓扑创构

针对概念设计阶段树状结构拓扑创构问题,提出了连续体结构拓扑优化方法。应用连续体结构拓扑优化法,建立体积约束下结构总应变能极小化（即结构总体刚度极大化）的拓扑优化模型,依据单约束优化问题的鞍点条件建立了优化迭代格式。研究了体积比、屋面结构刚度、屋面结构几何形式、设计空间高度等对树状结构拓扑形态的影响,并给出了具体应用算例。结果表明：随着材料用量的增加,树状结构拓扑随之复杂;随着屋面刚度的增加,树状结构分枝趋向于减少;不同的屋面结构几何形式会导致不同的树状结构拓扑形态;满足一定高度后,树状结构分枝形态不会受高度影响,仅是增加主树杆高度。     

基于非线性连续损伤的机床轴结构疲劳研究

运用MINER线性累积损伤理论对机床轴结构进行疲劳研究时,由于不能连续描述损伤与载荷之间的关系,在高周疲劳寿命预测过程中其计算结果不能令人满意。为此,基于CHABOCHE提出的单轴非线性连续累积损伤理论,通过对45钢进行疲劳试验获得了轴结构材料的S-N曲线,在对机床载荷谱简化处理的基础上,建立了适于机床轴结构寿命预测的多轴非线性连续损伤累积模型。实例计算证明,该模型能准确描述机床轴结构损伤累积过程,计算结果更符合工程实际。     

柔性气动连续体机器人关节结构设计与运动学分析

基于气动人工肌肉和缆绳组合驱动,提出了一种三自由柔性气动连续体机器人关节,该关节具有结构紧凑、柔顺性高、控制简单等特点。通过分析该机器人关节结构特性,采用修正的D-H法,建立了其正反解运动学模型,求解了其位置运动学解和速度运动学解,通过仿真验证了关节结构的合理性和运动学方程的正确性。     

考虑框架柱轴向变形的变刚度框剪结构简化分析模型

高层建筑框架剪力墙结构在水平荷载作用下产生的倾覆力矩由剪力墙和框架共同承担,由框架分担的倾覆力矩会引起框架柱的轴向变形。本文利用连续介质理论,将考虑框架柱轴向变形的等刚度框剪结构位移控制微分方程应用到变刚度框剪结构,提出了考虑框架柱轴向变形的变刚度框剪结构简化分析模型。与通用有限元模型计算结果相比,该方法计算精度比未考虑框架柱轴向变形的框剪结构简化分析模型明显提高,可用于高层建筑框架剪力墙结构的初步设计,也可用于定量和定性分析框架剪力墙结构的受力特性。