连续体模型-研究大规模电力系统机电动态的一种新方法

随着同步相量测量技术的发展和对电力系统的深入研究,人们认识并观察到电力系统中的功角扰动以远低于光速的速度传播。大规模电力系统的连续体模型突破了对传统认识的局限性,用波动理论这一崭新的视角研究电力系统的机电动态。本文根据经典物理学中矢量场理论,推导出电力系统连续体模型中的非线性波动方程,求出均匀电力系统在平衡点附近的解析解,分析了机电波传播幅度变化的内在机理。最后用一个由64台发电机组成的环形仿真系统,证明了大规模电力系统连续体系机电波模型的正确性。作为一种新的数学模型,连续体系模型能够揭示电力系统机电动态的内在规律。     

Continuum model of two-dimensional crystal lattice of metamaterials

The continuum models of two-dimensional crystal lattice of metamaterial are investigated in this paper. The equivalent classical continuum requires the introduction of frequency-dependent mass density that becomes negative or infinite near the resonance frequency. In order to avoid the frequency-dependent mass density and make the dispersive characteristic of the elastic waves propagating in the equivalent continuum approximating that of lattice wave in two-dimensional crystal lattice of metamaterial, three kinds of continuum models, namely, the multiple displacements continuum model, the strain gradient continuum model and the nonlocal strain gradient continuum model, are investigated. It is found that the nonlocal gradient continuum model may better represent the dispersive relation and the bandgap characteristics of the metamaterial by the appropriate selection of nonlocal parameters.     

Content adaptive video denoising based on human visual perception

In this paper, we propose content adaptive denoising in highly corrupted videos based on human visual perception. We introduce the human visual perception in video denoising to achieve good performance. In general, smooth regions corrupted by noise are much more annoying to human observers than complex regions. Moreover, human eyes are more interested in complex regions with image details and more sensitive to luminance than chrominance. Based on the human visual perception, we perform perceptual video denoising to effectively preserve image details and remove annoying noise. To successfully remove noise and recover the image details, we extend nonlocal mean filtering to the spatiotemporal domain. With the guidance of content adaptive segmentation and motion detection, we conduct content adaptive filtering in the YUV color space to consider context in images and obtain perceptually pleasant results. Extensive experiments on various video sequences demonstrate that the proposed method reconstructs natural-looking results even in highly corrupted images and achieves good performance in terms of both visual quality and quantitative measures.     

A nonlocal model of fracture by crazing in polymers

We derive and numerically verify scaling laws for the macroscopic fracture energy of polymers undergoing crazing from a micromechanical model of damage. The model posits a local energy density that generalizes the classical network theory of polymers so as to account for chain failure and a nonlocal regularization based on strain-gradient elasticity. We specifically consider periodic deformations of a slab subject to prescribed opening displacements on its surfaces. Based on the growth properties of the energy densities, scaling relations for the local and nonlocal energies and for the specific fracture energy are derived. We present finite-element calculations that bear out the heuristic scaling relations.     

一种立方对称晶体结构的唯象连续非线性本构模型及其分析

基于立方对称结构的晶体特点，本文建立一种唯象连续非线性本构模型，推导出一些主要方向如（００１）、（０１１）和（１１１）受单向载荷时的表达式。并对所建模型的适用性进行了分析，指出在较高温度状态时所建模型能较准确地描述Ｎｉ基单晶的非线性变形。     

基于连续介质损伤力学的高强度钢板热成形性数值预测

基于连续介质损伤力学模型,建立耦合损伤的热成形本构方程。将该本构方程引入到自主开发的金属成形有限元软件KMAS中,从而可对高强度钢板在热成形过程中的损伤演化及成形性能进行预测。本构方程中与温度及应变率相关的损伤参数控制着热成形过程中的损伤演化,对成形性数值预测具有重要的意义。为标定本构方程中的损伤参数,进行不同温度及应变率下的等温热拉伸试验,并对拉伸过程进行数值模拟,通过优化对比数值计算和试验所得的力-位移曲线,获得了不同温度及应变率下的损伤参数。随后将损伤参数引入KMAS中,对一款典型汽车B柱在热成形过程的成形性进行数值预测,并与试验结果进行对比,结果证明了所建立耦合损伤本构方程的正确性。     

基于非局部张量火车分解的彩色图像修补

数据在采集和转换的过程中通常存在部分数据丢失的问题,丢失数据的补全直接影响后续的识别、跟踪等高层任务的结果.自然图像中经常存在许多具有重复特性的相似结构,利用该类冗余信息,文中提出基于非局部张量火车分解的张量补全方法.利用图像的非局部相似性,挖掘其中蕴含的低秩特性,并通过张量火车分解模型进行建模及升阶,将低阶张量转化为高阶以进行低秩信息的进一步挖掘利用,从而进行图像中缺失数据的修补.实验验证文中方法在图像修补上的有效性.     

Nonlocal static analysis of a functionally graded material curved nanobeam

This article is concerned with the analytical solution for a curved nanobeam based on nonlocal elasticity. The structure is made of functionally graded (FG) material, and its property varies in accordance with a power law function through the thickness. To obtain the displacement function, the static differential equations for a curved FG beam are combined with the nonlocal Eringen stress equations. By using the direct method for solving the nonlocal force–strain and moment–curvature relations covering the distributed loads, the explicit expressions of nonlocal strains are achieved. The strain-displacement relations are also employed to find displacement field. Numerical examples with different types of boundary conditions are carried out in order to investigate the effects of nonlocal parameters, the nonhomogeneity index, and geometric characteristics.     

An anisotropic damage model for tensile fatigue

Fatigue damage in materials is considered to be the effect of material degradation, and the dispersion in fatigue life is attributed to variability in microstructure. This paper presents a numerical model to simulate fatigue damage evolution using continuum damage mechanics to characterize material degradation. An explicit microstructure topology representation is achieved using Voronoi tessellations. Unlike conventional models which use a scalar approximation for damage, this model treats the damage variable as an anisotropic tensor. The model is used to simulate tensile fatigue failure in thin steel specimen. The fatigue life estimations from the model compares well with published experimental results. The results predict a high variability in fatigue life that is characteristic of metals and alloys, as compared with the existing isotropic damage models available in the literature. The model was also used to study the influence of material inhomogeneity on fatigue life dispersion.     

Goal‐oriented adaptivity for linear elastic micromorphic continua based on primal and adjoint consistency analysis

Microscopic considerations are drawing increasing attention for modern simulation techniques. Micromorphic continuum theories, considering micro degrees of freedom, are usually adopted for simulation of localization effects like shear bands. The increased number of degrees of freedom clearly motivates an application of adaptive methods. In this work, the adaptive FEM is tailored for micromorphic elasticity. The proposed adaptive procedure is driven by a goal‐oriented a posteriori error estimator based on duality techniques. For efficient computation of the dual solution, a patch‐based recovery technique is proposed and compared to a reference approach. In order to theoretically ensure optimal convergence order of the proposed adaptive procedure, adjoint consistency of the FE‐discretized solution for the linear elastic micromorphic continua is shown. For illustration, numerical examples are provided. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.