Advancement in materials for energy-saving lighting devices

This review provides a comprehensive account of energy efficient lighting devices, their working principles and the advancement of these materials as an underpinning to the development of technology. Particular attention has been given to solid state lighting devices and their applications since they have attracted the most interest and are the most promising. Solid state lighting devices including white light emitting diodes (LEDs), organic LEDs (OLEDs), quantum-dot LEDs (QLEDs) and carbon-dot LEDs (CLEDs) are promising energy efficient lighting sources for displays and general lighting. However there is no universal solution that will give better performance and efficiency for all types of applications. LEDs are replacing traditional lamps for both general lighting and display applications, whereas OLEDs are finding their own special applications in various areas. QLEDs and CLEDs have advantages such as high quantum yields, narrow emission spectra, tunable emission spectra and good stability over OLEDs, so applications for these devices are being extended to new types of lighting sources. There is a great deal of research on these materials and their processing technologies and the commercial viability of these technologies appears strong.     

界面致稳型柔性胆甾相液晶显示器件的制备与性能

以镀有氧化锡铟的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（ITO-PET）薄膜为柔性电极,对电极导电表面进行处理,以间隔子控制器件厚度,采用灌注法制备了界面致稳型可挠性双稳态胆甾相液晶显示器件。利用接触角测试仪、显微镜和紫外-可见分光光度等分析胆甾相液晶显示器件的微观结构及光电特性。结果表明,表面处理涂层可与液晶分子作用并产生界面致稳效应;采用大小为6 μm的间隔子,当改性层溶液中间隔子质量分数为3%时,制备了有效面积为10×15 cm²的柔性双稳态液晶显示器件,测得饱和驱动电压为40 V,在550 nm的透过率为90%;最后通过刻蚀技术处理器件电极制备了字符显示器件。     

多孔孔板与楔形节流装置的数值模拟与标定

为了研究工程实际中多孔板和楔形节流装置内部流场的流动特性,并为流出系数的获取提供新的途径,采用计算流体动力学方法对多孔孔板节流装置和楔形节流装置的内部流场进行了数值仿真研究,并将数值模拟得到的流出系数与流量标定实验结果进行对比,来验证数值模拟结果的合理性与精确性．实验结果表明,流出系数的流量标定结果与数值模拟值之差小于4％,对多孔孔板和楔形节流装置工程设计提供了参考．     

计算流体力学方法分析一例喷射悬浮血泵的液力、悬浮及溶血特性

左心室辅助装置被用于治疗严重的心力衰竭,目前第三代左心室辅助装置采用液力悬浮或磁力悬浮手段,让转子悬浮在腔室中,从而完全避免机械磨损。然而,磁力悬浮需要主动控制和额外能耗,不利于长时间续航。而液力悬浮轴承间隙很小（通常小于100 μm）,在这一微小间隙中,会产生高切应力和滞流点,从而造成血液损伤。为此设计一种采用新型喷射悬浮手段的血泵。该悬浮手段为被动式,且几乎没有额外的能量损耗。运用流体力学方法分析这一血泵的液力、悬浮和血液相容性能,进行试验验证,并对比新型悬浮血泵和没有喷射流道的参照泵的血液相容性。研究显示,喷射悬浮方式可以在较大的间隙下有效实现转子悬浮,且具有良好的血液相容性,对左心室辅助装置的发展有重要意义。     

用于核救灾机器人的电机驱动器安全防护

电子器件的抗辐射防护和热防护是核救灾机器人安全运行的前提。为了使核救灾机器人具有更强的可靠性和更长的工作时间,以机器人驱动核心部件——电机驱动器为研究对象,从提高自身耐辐射性能、增强屏蔽以及热防护角度出发展开研究：去除和替换辐射敏感元器件,紧密式排布安装驱动器以提高空间利用率;基于蒙特卡罗方法模拟屏蔽材料的组成成分与屏蔽效果关系;引入相变材料延长驱动器的工作时间。以上措施确保电子器件在环境温度100℃、辐射总剂量为4.95×10⁵ rad情况下可以正常运行98 min,满足核救灾机器人的基本工作要求。     

Passive direct methanol fuel cells for portable electronic devices

Due to the increasing demand for electricity, clean, renewable energy resources must be developed. Thus, the objective of the present study was to develop a passive direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) for portable electronic devices. The power output of six dual DMFCs connected in series with an active area of 4 cm² was approximately 600 mW, and the power density of the DMFCs was 25 mW cm⁻². The DMFCs were evaluated as a power source for mobile phone chargers and media players. The results indicated that the open circuit voltage of the DMFC was between 6.0 V and 6.5 V, and the voltage under operating conditions was 4.0 V. The fuel cell was tested on a variety of cell phone chargers, media players and PDAs. The cost of energy consumption by the proposed DMFC was estimated to be USD 20 W⁻¹, and the cost of methanol is USD 4 kW h. Alternatively, the local conventional electricity tariff is USD 2 kW h. However, for the large-scale production of electronic devices, the cost of methanol will be significantly lower. Moreover, the electricity tariff is expected to increase due to the constraints of fossil fuel resources and pollution. As a result, DMFCs will become competitive with conventional power sources.     

接地材料对杆塔接地装置冲击接地阻抗的影响

雷电流通过接地装置散流时,接地装置本身和土壤电阻率的大小都会影响散流过程,从而影响接地装置的冲击接地阻抗。基于电磁场和电路相结合的计算方法,使用自主开发的软件,计算了接地本体材料、不同接地体长度、直径和不同土壤电阻率对冲击接地阻抗的影响,并通过时域电压波形对这几个参数影响冲击接地阻抗的机理进行分析。由计算结果可知,接地体的磁导率对冲击接地阻抗影响很大。在接地体成本固定的情况下,铜接地装置的接地体长度越长,冲击接地阻抗越小。钢接地装置的接地体长度即使增长,但由于有效长度有限,其冲击接地阻抗降低幅度并不明显。随着土壤电阻率的增大,铜接地装置的冲击接地阻抗线性增加,而钢接地装置的冲击接地阻抗增加趋于平缓。     

矿井斜巷轨道新型跑车自动防护装置应用研究

为了确保矿井斜巷轨道运输的安全可靠运行,实现对运行车辆实时监控和有效阻止斜巷轨道跑车车辆运行,通过在斜巷轨道全区段、逐级分段合理安设多道跑车自动防护装置方式,使整个斜巷轨道处于全斜巷分区段封闭状态,起到跑车安全防护作用。研究表明:该新型跑车自动防护装置应用后成功避免了跑车伤人事故的发生,减少了跑车事故经济损失,降低了职工的劳动强度,确保了矿井斜巷轨道的本质安全运行。     

深长隧道突水地质灾害三维模型试验系统研制及其应用

 深长隧道突水地质灾害中的最小安全隔水岩层厚度研究对于工程设计施工具有重要指导意义。基于相似模型试验的方法,研制出一套深长隧道突水地质灾害三维模型试验系统。该系统由三维模型试验主装置、试样成型装置以及模拟隧洞开挖卸荷掘进装置组成,能够满足模型对所受地应力场、水压等初始环境的模拟。试验系统具有荷载稳定、可精确模拟隧洞开挖、试验方便简洁、周期短并能开展大样本统计试验等特点。将该试验系统应用于成都—兰州(成兰)铁路线龙门山隧道的突水三维模型试验中,试验围压、轴压为0.6 MPa,水压为0.2 MPa时,获得模型最小安全隔水岩层厚度为47 mm,试验结果可有效指导工程的设计与施工。     

汽车覆盖件冲裁修边模铁屑处理方案

分析了在自动化线环境下汽车覆盖件冲裁修边模铁屑产生的成因,介绍一些消除铁屑的处理办法以及效果对比分析,并提出优化的处理方案,在生产中取得良好效果.