Measurement-related uncertainties in overcoring data at the Äspö HRL, Sweden. Part 2: Biaxial tests of CSIRO HI overcore samples

This paper is the second dealing with measurement-related uncertainties of overcoring data undertaken at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory and focuses on the biaxial test data from CSIRO HI overcore samples. The first paper dealt with measurement-related uncertainties in connection with the overcoring phase [1].The uncertainties identified in connection to biaxial tests of CSIRO HI overcore samples include too large applied pressures and poor sampling frequency. At the Äspö HRL, the results yield that most overcore samples fractured during biaxial testing, meaning that a significant part, 56%, of available strain gauge combinations were removed from calculations of the elastic parameters. Remaining strain gauge combinations indicate average values of 62±5 GPa for Young's modulus and 0.25±0.01 for Poisson's ratio, which are considerably lower than previously published values [2–5], and are in good agreement with results from biaxial tests on Borre Probe overcore samples [6–10]. The stress calculations were obtained from re-analyzed elastic parameters and strains, and show primarily a reduction in stress magnitudes. Overall, the stress field obtained with different stress measurement methods and its variation with depth is now quite well resolved. The overcoring data suggest that the principal stresses are inclined with a vertical component dipping about 65° from the horizontal over the investigated rock volume (140–420 m depth). This is interpreted as a result of influence from the sub-vertical NE-2 Fracture Zone that divides the stress data into two stress domains [11], although it may also be an artefact because the σ₂- and σ₃-magnitudes are of the same order of magnitude.     

Synthesis of polypropylene‐graft‐maleic anhydride compatibilizer and evaluation of nylon 6/polypropylene blend properties

Polymer blends based on polyolefins are of a great interest owing to their broad spectrum of properties and practical applications. However, because of poor compatibilities of components, most of these systems generally exhibit high interfacial tension, a low degree of dispersion and poor mechanical properties. It is generally accepted that polypropylene (PP) and nylon 6 (N6) are not compatible and that their blending results in poor materials. The compatibility can be improved by the addition of a compatibilizer, and in this study PP was functionalized by maleic anhydride (MAH) in the presence of an optimized amount of dicumyl peroxide (DCP). The reaction was carried out in the molten state using an internal mixer. Then, once the compatibilizer polypropylene‐graft‐maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MAH) was prepared, it was added at various concentrations (2.5–10 wt%) to 30/70 glass fibre reinforced N6 (GFRN6) PP, and the mechanical properties were evaluated. It was found that the incorporation of the compatibilizer enhanced the tensile properties (tensile strength and modulus) as well as the Izod impact properties of the notched samples. This was attributed to better interfacial adhesion as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimum in these properties was achieved at a critical PP‐g‐MAH concentration. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Religious Participation, Interleukin-6, and Mortality in Older Adults.

This study prospectively examined the relationship between religious attendance, interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and mortality rates in a community-based sample of 557 older adults. Attending religious services more than once weekly was a significant predictor of lower subsequent 12-year mortality and elevated IL-6 levels (> 3.19 pg/mL), with a mortality ratio of .32 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.15,0.72; p     

Concurrent error detection of fault-based side-channel cryptanalysis of 128-bit RC6 block cipher

Fault-based side channel cryptanalysis is very effective against symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms. Although straightforward hardware and time redundancy based concurrent error detection (CED) architectures can be used to thwart such attacks, they entail significant overhead (either area or performance). In this paper we investigate two systematic approaches to low-cost, low-latency CED for symmetric encryption algorithm RC6. The proposed techniques have been validated on FPGA implementations of RC6, one of the advanced encryption standard finalists.     

6to4与ISATAP技术相结合的IPv6网络实现

在IPv4向IPv6过渡期间,多种过渡技术可以互相支持、互相组合使用,以达到互利互助。简要介绍了其中2种隧道技术:6to4技术和ISATAP技术,提出了1种基于两者结合的新型实验网络的实现方案。具体讨论了在Linux下如何组建这种新型实验网络平台,详细阐明了如何配置IPv6主机以及双栈路由器,为IPv4过渡到IPv6提供1个可行的方案。     

2，6-萘二甲酸二甲酯在有机溶剂中溶解度的测定与关联

Solubility of dimethyl-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate in acetic acid, N,N-dimethylfonnamide, N,N-dimethyl acetamide, dimethyl sulphoxide, and N-methyl-2-ketopyrrolidine were determined using a dynamic method. The measured systems were correlated by UNIFAC group contribution method. A new main group （aromatic ester, ACCOO） was defined to express the activity coefficients of the aromatic ester. New interaction parameters of the ACCOO group were expressed as the first-order function of temperature and were determined from the experimental data. The calculated results for the new interaction parameters were satisfactory. The measured systems were also correlated with the Wilson and 2-h models, and the results were compared with those of the UNIFAC model.     

Towards a new definition of EPOC parameters for anionic electrochemical catalysts: case of propene combustion

The electrochemical promotion of catalysis (EPOC) of propene combustion was investigated using Pt sputtered thin film on an O²⁻ conductor, 8 mol% Y₂O₃-stabilized-ZrO₂ (YSZ). In order to separate the influence of the thermal migration of the O²⁻ oxide ions from the electrolyte to the catalyst surface and the impact of an electrical polarization on the catalytic activity, several light-off experiments (cool down and heat up procedures) were successively performed under different polarizations, i.e. OCV, +2 and −2 V. These experiments have clearly shown that the presence of O²⁻ (thermally or electrochemically induced) inhibits the catalytic activity of the platinum for the propene deep oxidation. These results demonstrate the importance to define a normalized rate enhancement ratio, ρ _n , from a reference value of the catalytic rate corresponding to a Pt surface state free of O²⁻ ions.     

Applications and exploitation of Virtual Instruments based on Delphi6

This paper introduces hardware connections between computer and intellectualized instrument based on 89c51 sin-glechip .It gives the techniques to compile internet applications of Virtual Instruments with Delphi6.     

Study of the effective parameters on mechanical and electrical properties of carbon black filled PP/PA6 microfibrillar composites

In this study the electrical and mechanical properties of microfibrillar polypropylene (PP)/polyamide6 (PA6) blend filled with super conductive carbon black (CB) have been investigated. In situ microfibrillar PP/PA6 composites filled with CB are produced using a single screw extruder equipped with a spinneret. Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) grafted polypropylene (PP-g-GMA) is used as the compatibilizer. To investigate the effects of extensional flow on the microstructure, electrical and mechanical properties, three adaptors with various convergence angles were designed, prepared and applied between the extruder and the spinneret. To optimize the effects of processing and material parameters on the electrical and mechanical properties, the Taguchi method of experimental design is used. Material and processing factors which are studied include: concentration of PA6, compatibilizer level, CB concentration, drawing speed of melt spinning line, adaptor angle, order of mixing and temperature profile along the extruder. The results show an increase in DC conductivity of up to 10¹¹ times in comparison with pure PA6, by increasing the concentration of CB, drawing speed, adaptor angle and optimizing other parameters. By optimizing processing and material factors studied here, strength of microfibrillar structured composites is increased of up to 80% in comparison to pure PP.     

Compatibility between Polyamide 6 and Polycarbonate

Polyamide （PA6） and polycarbonate （PC） were prepared by a Brabender mixer （ PLV- 151） at 240℃ with 30 rpm for duration of 8 and 6 minutes respectively. The epoxy resin （E） addition can lead to substantial microstructural changes in the PA6/PC blends. Scanning electron microscope （SEM） was used to observe the mixtures characterized by the domains of clearly segregated homophases and voids between the two polymers. PA6/PC of polyamide 6 and polycarbonate with epoxy resin addition under the composition ratio of 20/80, 20/80/1, 40/60/1 and 40/60, were tested to verify the key role of epoxy in promoting the compatibility of PA6 with PC during blending.