己二酸二正己酯的合成

研究了己二酸二正己酯的合成方法,介绍了己二酸二正己酯合成中的非酸催化剂的种类,讨论了工艺特点、工艺关键以及产品与ＰＶＢ树脂配套应用检验结果。     

羰基镍粉末悬浮液性能研究

湿法成型在降低粉体团聚、改善素坯显微结构均匀性方面有着明显的优势。本工作采用乙醇为溶剂 ,PVB为分散剂和粘结剂 ,对以固相含量为 55% (质量分数 )的羰基镍粉悬浮液的制备和性能进行了研究。包括 :通过测定悬浮液的黏度和最终沉降体积确定最佳分散剂含量 ;含有粘结剂的悬浮液分两个阶段制备 :第一阶段悬浮液由羰基镍粉、乙醇和 0 2 % (质量分数 )PVB(分散剂 )组成 ,球磨 2 4h ,目的是打开颗粒团聚体和润湿粉料 ;第二阶段主要致力于悬浮液与粘结剂的混合 ,分别加入不同量的PVB ,球磨 2 4h。结果表明 ,分散剂含量为 0 2 %(质量分数 ) (相对于粉体 )时能使羰基镍粉末得到良好的分散。当粘结剂含量少于 6 % (质量分数 )时 ,在涂层坯体过程中容易出现裂纹 ,而粘结剂含量高于 6 %(质量分数 )时 ,悬浮液中含有较多的气泡。含 0 2 % (质量分数 )分散剂 ,6 % (质量分数 )粘结剂时可获得黏度适中 ,能够稳定悬浮的羰基镍粉悬浮液     

Experimental Vibration Analysis of a Cracked Laminated Glass Beam with Bolted Joint

In this study, in order to determine the very early load transfer behavior in the bolted joint connection, experimental dynamic analysis of different laminated glass beams including two surface cracks is considered. For this purpose, both three different plastic interlayers （i.e., three types of polyvinyl butyral--PVB） and three different glass-lamina thicknesses are taken into account. Effects of the plastic interlayer, thickness of the glass-lamina, number of surface cracks and their locations on the vibration characteristics/structural performances are examined experimentally. Vibration tests are performed to present free vibration characteristics of the laminated glass beams under clamped-free boundary conditions. Experimental dynamic analysis consists of six parts： （I） vibration analysis with no-crack and no-hole with a bolted joint; （I1） vibration analysis with a surface crack and no-hole with a bolted joint; （III） vibration analysis with two surface cracks and no-hole with a bolted joint; （IV） vibration analysis with no-crack and a hole with a bolted joint; （V） vibration analysis with a surface crack and a hole with a bolted joint; （VI） vibration analysis with two surface cracks and a hole with a bolted joint. For these experimental steps, an impact hammer with a force transducer is used to excite the uncracked or cracked composite beams through the selected points. After the excitation, the responses are obtained by an accelerometer. The vibration measurements are completed using a microprocessor-based data acquisition system and nCode GlyphWorks software. Results are given in tabular and graphical forms.     

聚乙烯醇缩丁醛薄膜老化机理研究

利用红外光谱和力学性能的变化研究了聚乙烯醇缩丁醛薄膜的热老化和紫外光老化机理,结果表明,在热老化及紫外光老化过程中,PVB薄膜的拉伸强度均是先增大然后再减小。这是由于在热老化过程中PVB薄膜发生了增塑剂的损失及PVB分子主链和侧链的断裂,而在紫外光老化过程中,主要是发生PVB分子链之间的交联反应,仅有少量的分子链发生断裂。PVB薄膜的光老化和热老化都是由树脂中存在少量聚醋酸乙烯分解生成的自由基诱导而发生的,添加适量的热稳定剂和紫外吸收剂可以吸收薄膜加工时生成的自由基,从而提高薄膜的稳定性及粘结性能。     

PVB胶片对夹层玻璃产品质量的影响

在夹层玻璃生产中PVB胶片的质量直接影响制成品的质量和使用寿命.本文从胶片的来源种类来分析PVB胶片对夹层玻璃质量的影响,希望有助于中国玻璃深加工行业健康的发展.     

不对称聚乙烯醇缩丁醛超滤膜的形成

采用浸没沉淀相转化法在二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)及二甲亚砜(DMSO)等4种溶剂下制备了聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)超滤膜,铸膜液组成为PVB-溶剂二元体系,水为非溶剂.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了PVB膜的表面形貌与断面结构,并对其渗透及分离性能进行了测试,同时着重讨论了PVB膜表面结构的形成机理.结果表明,溶剂种类不仅决定了PVB-溶剂二元体系的热力学稳定性,同时也影响了其成膜过程的动力学效应;PVB膜断面结构受溶剂-非溶剂相互扩散速度的控制,而膜表面形貌则是铸膜液平衡热力学与成膜动力学结合的结果;不同溶剂的PVB超滤膜纯水通量大小的顺序依次为DMSO＞DMAC＞DMF＞NMP,其截留分子量则分别在40 000～50 000道尔顿之间.     

Morphology and mechanical properties of Nylon 6 toughened with waste poly(vinyl butyral) film

Phase morphology and mechanical properties of the blends of Nylon 6 with scrap poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) film and poly[styrene-block-(ethylene-co-butene)-block-styrene] (SEBS) have been investigated. Scanning electron microscopic photographs revealed that the spherical PVB particles are finely and uniformly dispersed in the Nylon 6 matrix without changing the shape of the particles. The average particle sizes in all over the blend compositions for Nylon 6/PVB were slightly increased with PVB content, but the dispersed phase is tightly adhered to the matrix phase, with PVB content in the range of 20–35 wt % PVB. Elongation at break and notched Izod impact strength of all the blends were enhanced, which implies good interfacial adhesion. The rubberlike PVB film adhering to the Nylon 6 phase is suggested to give an improved impact strength and toughness. In particular, the optimum PVB content for the best impact strength is found to be in the vicinity of 20–35 wt %, and this composition exhibits better moisture resistance than the other blend compositions. All of the blends up to 35 wt % PVB show higher mechanical properties than those of Nylon 6 blended with conventional impact modifier SEBS. Thus, plasticized PVB film, which is recycled from the process of automobile safety glasses, is applicable as an impact modifier or a toughening agent of Nylon 6. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 67:1531–1540, 1998     

Numerical Study of PVB Laminated Windshield Cracking Upon Human Head Impact

The crack pattern in a PVB laminated windshield upon head impact is of considerable interest because it contains important information on energy mitigation, pedestrian protection, and accident reconstruction. We carry out a systematic numerical study based on the extended finite element method (XFEM), to investigate the effects of various material and system variables, including the impact speed, effective head mass, PVB interlayer material thickness and property, windshield curvature, aspect ratio and size, boundary constraint, impact angle and off-center impact, on the parameters characterizing the resulting crack pattern, i.e. the crack length, crack angle and circumferential crack shape. General relations bridging these variables and parameters are established via extensive simulations, and the effect and mechanism of each governing factor are elucidated. The findings will shed some light on accident investigation, crashworthiness, and vehicle safety design, on the basis of a systematic understanding of the PVB laminated windshield cracking subject to human head impact.     

间接法测定6%PVB甲醇溶液和5%PVB正丁醇溶液的旋转粘度

探讨了用间接法测定6%聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂(PVB)甲醇溶液和5%聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂(PVB)正丁醇溶液的旋转粘度。方法准确可行、简便可靠。     

均相醇法生产聚乙烯醇缩丁醛

利用醇作溶剂,采用均相醇法生产聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB),考察了物料配比、催化剂用量、丁醛用量和反应温度对产品缩醛基含量的影响。得到了较适宜的工艺条件:聚乙烯醇与溶剂的最佳配比为m(聚乙烯醇)∶m(丙醇)∶m(水)=2∶3∶5,催化剂用量m(硫酸)∶m(聚乙烯醇)=0.1∶1.0,丁醛用量n(丁醛)∶n(羟基)=1.2∶2.0,反应温度328 K,反应时间90 min。此工艺条件下生产的PVB缩醛基分布均匀,缩醛基含量可达到83%。