Diverse reasoning in automated model formulation

Diverse reasoning supports a dynamic integration of various reasoning methods in a computerized system. This paper describes a control blackboard approach to simulate the control features observed in the expert's model formulation protocols. The diverse reasoning concept is incorporated so that the model formulation process is dynamically in a plan-directed, action-directed, or data-directed fashion. The diverse reasoning concept facilitates the control features simulation. By analyzing the diverse reasoning behavior in the proposed system, this paper contributes to a better understanding of and support to the modeling process for the design of intelligent decision support systems. The usefulness of the prototype system is also evaluated using an empirical experiment.     

非线性大弹性材料的位移分析

本篇短文阐述混合有限元理论在非线性，大变形和大应变条件下的运动关系及常用虚位移原理，并采用随机拉格朗日－欧拉方程分析有限元网格和材料单元的位移。     

基于RST语篇分析方法的问题回答系统的答句生成

提出了一种问答系统中非实体类型的答句生成方法，该方法从修辞关联分析的基本原理和技术入手，应用RR分析技术进行汉语QA系统中答案抽取和生成的基本方法和步骤，实现了一个实验系统。论文中给出了实验结果并进行了详细分析。     

Three‐dimensional finite element computations for frictional contact problems with non‐associated sliding rule

This paper presents an algorithm for solving anisotropic frictional contact problems where the sliding rule is non‐associated.The algorithm is based on a variational formulation of the complex interface model that combine the classical unilateral contact law and an anisotropic friction model with a non‐associated slip rule. Both the friction condition and the sliding potential are elliptical and have the same principal axes but with different semi‐axes ratio. The frictional contact law and its inverse are derived from a single non‐differentiable scalar‐valued function, called a bi‐potential. The convexity properties of the bi‐potential permit to associate stationary principles with initial/boundary value problems. With the present formulation, the time‐integration of the frictional contact law takes the form of a projection onto a convex set and only one predictor–corrector step addresses all cases (sticking, sliding, no‐contact). A solution algorithm is presented and tested on a simple example that shows the strong influence of the slip rule on the frictional behaviour. Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于可靠度的土坡最危险滑面分析

用算例证明了概率危险面与定值危险面并不一致。提出了2种方便实用的概率分析方法，即基于定值安全系数程序的组合参数搜索法和在Excel中运用的矩阵公式法。经过比较认为组合参数搜索法虽是近似的，但比传统的定值法更接近矩阵公式法得到的概率危险面，2种方法均可用于工程实践中土坡稳定性的概率分析与评价。     

High order finite difference methods for unsteady incompressible flows in multi-connected domains

Using the vorticity and stream function variables is an effective way to compute 2-D incompressible flow due to the facts that the incompressibility constraint for the velocity is automatically satisfied, the pressure variable is eliminated, and high order schemes can be efficiently implemented. However, a difficulty arises in a multi-connected computational domain in determining the constants for the stream function on the boundary of the “holes”. This is an especially challenging task for the calculation of unsteady flows, since these constants vary with time to reflect the total fluxes of the flow in each sub-channel. In this paper, we propose an efficient method in a finite difference setting to solve this problem and present some numerical experiments, including an accuracy check of a Taylor vortex-type flow, flow past a non-symmetric square, and flow in a heat exchanger.     

Characterisation of chickpea flour‐based gluten‐free batters and muffins with added biopolymers: rheological,physical and sensory properties

Chickpea flour (CF)‐based muffin formulations were made with CF alone and with added biopolymers [whey protein (WP), xanthan gum (XG) and inulin (INL)] to evaluate their suitability to be a wheat flour (WF) substitute in muffins. Structural characteristics of the batters and muffins were studied by means of rheometry, microscopy, physicochemical properties, and texture and sensory analysis. Partial replacement of CF with XG, alone (at 0.5 and 1%) or blended with either WP or INL, significantly increased the batter viscoelasticity as denser matrices developed; moreover, the muffins with XG added at 1% had similar hardness to wheat gluten muffins. The replacement of WF decreased the springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, resilience and specific volume of the muffin. However, baked muffins with added XG also showed higher sensory sponginess and moisture associated with numerous air bubbles in the batter and were perceived to be easier to swallow and to have better general appearance.     

丹尼尔流动点在涂料配方设计中的应用

对于给定的树脂、颜填料体系,采用丹尼尔流动点理论对分散剂进行定性选择和用量试验,并将设计配方推广至生产应用。     

Alginate–antacid combinations: raft formation and gastric retention studies

Background: Alginate-based gastroesophageal reflux disease treatments have been used extensively and fall into two main categories. Those containing alginate as the principle active agent and those containing alginate in combination with a significant amount of antacid. Method: The effectiveness of the raft formed by a new alginate/antacid suspension (Gaviscon Double Action Liquid, GDAL), in which calcium carbonate was the main antacid ingredient, was compared with those of existing alginate/antacid suspensions. Result: GDAL had similar raft strength and improved raft resilience than Gaviscon Liquid (GL), and both were significantly greater than five other products tested. Gastric retention of GDAL was similar to that of GL. Conclusion: the in vitro and in vivo performance is maintained in the new GDAL formulation even with higher antacid levels and the product is as good as, or better than, previous formulations.     

Bioavailability Assessment of Oral Coenzyme Q10 Formulations in Dogs

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the bioavailability of three coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) formulations in dogs using an open, randomized, multiple-dose crossover design. The formulations included a powder-filled capsule (A, control) and two soft gelatin formulations (Q-Gel ® as the water-miscible form of CoQ10, B and Q-Nol?as the water-miscible form of ubiquinol, the reduced form of CoQ10, C). Formulations were evaluated in pairs, allowing a washout period of 14 days prior to crossing over. Blood samples were collected from each animal prior to dosing to determine the endogenous plasma CoQ10 concentrations. Serial blood samples were collected for 72 hr and plasma CoQ10 concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma concentration–time profiles were corrected for endogenous CoQ10 concentrations. Results showed that the relative bioavailabilities of formulations B and C were approximately 3.6 and 6.2-fold higher than that of control formulation A. The AUC(µg. hr/mL)±SD, C_max(µg/mL)±SD, and T_max(hr)± SD for formulations A, B, and C were 1.695±0.06, 6.097±0.08, and 10.510±0.10; 0.096±0.035, 0.169±0.038, and 0.402±0.102; and 4.2±1.48, 4.1±1.57, and 4.5±0.58, respectively. While no significant differences were observed between T_max values of the three formulations, the AUC and C_max values for formulations B and C were significantly higher than those of the control (p<0.05). The present investigation demonstrates that soft gelatin capsules containing water-miscible CoQ10 formulations B (Q-Gel®) and C (Q-Nol?) are superior to powder-filled formulations with regard to their biopharmaceutical characteristics.