含软弱夹层的某公路边坡开挖支护数值模拟分析

基于某含有软弱夹层的公路边坡工程,利用有限元软件对其开挖支护过程进行数值模拟分析,计算考虑了2种不同的开挖工况：1）只开挖不支护;2）开挖并及时支护。研究表明：在开挖未支护时,边坡开挖完成后安全系数小于1,边坡整体都发生很大位移,将沿着软弱夹层带发生破坏;在开挖并及时支护时,边坡位移明显减小,软弱夹层附近塑形变形区得到了有效控制,且开挖完成后安全系数为1．87,满足设计要求。     

萨中开发区“二三结合”开发实验数值模拟

应用数值模拟方法,分析大庆油田萨中开发区二、三类油层(萨Ⅱ10~萨Ⅲ10)"二三结合"开发实验井网部署,实验层段组合优化方案,注聚开发合理衔接时机,二、三类油层最佳组合开发模式等.结果表明:二、三类油层各自部署一套新井网,协调布井,同步钻井选择性射孔、同步水驱挖潜,协调平面和纵向注采关系,同期注入不同相对分子质量的聚合物进行三次采油能有效地挖潜油藏剩余油,提高采收率.     

Synthesis of bamboo-like carbon nanotubes by ethanol catalytic combustion technique

Bamboo-like carbon nanotubes were synthesized by ethanol catalytic combustion （ECC） technique with combustion method. Copper plate was employed as substrate, ethanol as carbon source, and iron chloride as catalyst precursor. The as-grown black powder was characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the thinner bamboo-like carbon nanotubes have a relatively good structure that the compartment layers are more regular, while the thicker carbon nanotubes have a relatively irregular bamboo-like structure; the proposed method is simple to synthesize bamboo-like carbon nanotubes and has some advantages, such as flexible synthesis conditions, simple setup, and environment-friendly.     

Initial stages of the high-temperature corrosion of commercial Fe-Cr-Ni alloys in a carburizing atmosphere of low oxygen partial pressure

The early stages of corrosion of AISI 314, HK 40, and Alloy 800H have been studied in a strongly carburizing (a_C=0.8), weakly oxidizing atmosphere at 1098 K. Samples with electropolished and cold-worked surfaces were exposed for up to 400 min. at temperature, in a conventional corrosion rig or in a reaction vessel which was installed within an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The latter facility allowed the effects of the specimen heating rate and the rat of gas flow to be investigated. Examination of the corrosion products was accomplished with the aid of XPS, SEM, TEM, and conventional metallography. Initially, surface layers comprised of -Cr₂O₃, (Mn, Cr)₃O₄, and SiO₂ formed, with layer structure, microstructure, and composition being functions of alloy composition and surface condition. Only on the cold-worked surfaces did a well-developed duplex oxide, consisting of an outer, Cr-rich oxide layer and an inner, SiO₂ layer, form. In good agreement with the predicted value of 1.9 wt.%, between 1.4 and 2 wt.% Si in the alloy was required to form a complete SiO₂ layer. After an incubation period, -Cr₂O₃ became unstable and transformed to M₇C₃; the carbides then grew by diffusion of metal from the alloy substrate. The presence of manganese, as (Mn, Cr)₃O₄, in the surface oxide influenced the mode of carbide growth, whereas the rate of carbide growth was severely suppressed by a continuous SiO₂ layer which acted as a diffusion barrier both to metal and to carbon. It is argued that the SiO₂ layer is most effective in reducing carburization when it is free from or contains very few structural defects.     

Fabrication of ZnO films by radio frequency magnetron sputtering and annealing

ZnO thin films were deposited on Si（111） substrates through a radio frequency （rf） magnetron sputtering system. Then the samples were annealed at different temperatures in air ambience and ammonia ambience respectively. The structure and composition of the ZnO films were studied by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. The morphology of the samples was studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Measured results show that ZnO films with hexagonal wurtzite structure were grown on Si（111） substrates when annealed in the two ambiences. The volatilization process of ZnO in the ammonia ambience at high temperature was discussed and the mechanism of the reaction was analyzed.     

双层铸件铸造工艺的试验与应用

采用分隔砂芯，可在一个铸型内制作两层铸件，明显提高了生产率。计算机模拟表明，这种工艺方法还可以降低铸件冷却速度。通过调整隔件用的砂芯厚度，可以将铸件原来很小的补缩通道扩宽，使冒口真正发挥补缩作用，解决了缩松问题。     

原位TiC颗粒增强铸造钢基复合材料制备工艺

利用钢液自身的高温直接引燃压入其中的Ti-C-Fe预制块，原位合成TiC增强颗粒，然后，对含有TiC颗粒的钢液进行铸造形成，即可获得TiC颗粒增强钢基复合材料。着重研究了钢液温度、合成的TiC颗粒含量以及钢液保温时间对复合材料组织的影响。在此基础上，优化了复合材料的制备工艺参数，并制备出了具有较理想组织的复合材料。     

Influence of Plasma Instabilities in Ceramic Suspension Plasma Spraying

Direct current Suspension Plasma Spraying (SPS) allows depositing finely structured coatings. This article presents an analysis of the influence of plasma instabilities on the yttria-stabilized suspension drops fragmentation. A particular attention is paid to the treatment of suspension jet or drops according to the importance of voltage fluctuations (linked to those of the arc root) and depending on the different spray parameters such as the plasma forming gas mixture composition and mass flow rate and the suspension momentum. By observing the suspension drops injection with a fast shutter camera and a laser flash sheet triggered by a defined transient voltage level of the plasma torch, the influence of plasma fluctuations on jet or drops fragmentation is studied through the deviation and dispersion trajectories of droplets within the plasma jet. This article is an invited paper selected from presentations at the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference and has been expanded from the original presentation. It is simultaneously published in Global Coating Solutions, Proceedings of the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference, Beijing, China, May 14-16, 2007, Basil R. Marple, Margaret M. Hyland, Yuk-Chiu Lau, Chang-Jiu Li, Rogerio S. Lima, and Ghislain Montavon, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2007.     

颗粒增强铝基复合材料断裂韧度研究

采用搅熔复合法制备颗粒增强铝基复合材料．对复合材料断裂韧度进行了测试。系统研究了影响该材料断裂韧度的各种影响因素：结果表明：在增强相加入量相同时．采用Sic颗粒复合材料的断裂韧度比Al2O3的影响显著，而增强颗粒质量分数越高．则复合材料的断裂韧度越低．增强颗粒尺寸越小，复合材料断裂韧度值越大。热处理状态对断裂韧度也有较大影响，人工时效比自然时效状态下的断裂韧度高。     

The effect of oxide coatings on fatigue properties of 7475-T6 aluminium alloy

The effect of hard anodic oxide and plasma electrolytic oxide coatings on the fatigue strength of 7475-T6 aluminium alloy has been investigated. The coated aluminium alloy was tested using constant load uniaxial tensile fatigue machine. Hard anodising led to an appreciable reduction in the fatigue strength of 7475-T6 alloy of about 75% for a 60 μm thick coating. Further, plasma electrolytic oxidation resulted in reduction of the fatigue strength of about 58% for a 65 μm thick oxide coating. The decrease in fatigue strength of the hard anodic oxide coatings was associated with the stress concentration at the microcracks in the coating. The better fatigue performance of the PEO coatings was attributed to the development of the compressive residual internal stress within the coatings. The reduction in the fatigue strength of the PEO coatings as compared to the uncoated material was associated with the development of the tensile residual internal stress within the substrate. This may cause an early crack initiation in the substrate adjacent to the coating.