Effect of ZrO2 on phase transformation of Al2O3

This study investigates the effect of ZrO₂ on phase transformation of alumina. Alumina and alumina–zirconia composite powders were produced by the precipitation method from aluminum sulfate and zirconium sulfate precursors. Precipitates obtained at 15 °C were dried at 80 °C for 72 h, and then calcinated at four different temperatures; 1000 °C, 1100 °C, 1200 °C and 1300 °C for 1 h. Powders calcinated at 1300 °C were pressed uniaxially and sintered at 1600 °C for 1 h. XRD and DSC analyses showed that the presence of zirconia retarded the transformation to α-alumina. SEM studies on the powders calcinated at 1300 °C revealed that both alumina and alumina–zirconia particles were 100–300 nm in size and of near spherical shape. Zirconia additions inhibited abnormal grain growth of alumina and provided homogeneous, equaxied grain structure.     

Adsorption Characteristic of Methanol in Activated Carbon Impregnated with Lithium Chloride

The amount of methanol adsorbed in composite sorbents made of activated carbon impregnated with two different mass fractions of LiCl were assessed at selected temperatures and pressures. The adsorbed amounts, temperature, and pressure were well correlated with a Langmuir‐type equation that had the same set of coefficients for different isotherms and isobars. However, sorption hysteresis was observed in the composite sorbent and the main practical implication of this phenomenon was the increase of the regeneration temperature necessary to desorb a certain amount of methanol. The specific cooling capacity and the coefficient of performance of the studied adsorbents were calculated, and it was found that the sorbent with 21.3 wt % of LiCl had specific cooling capacities 11 % to 31 % higher than those obtained with the untreated activated carbon, when the regeneration temperature was 388 K. The heat sink temperature was 303 K, and the evaporation temperature ranged between 263 and 283 K. However, at the same operation conditions, the coefficient of performance of both sorbents was similar.     

Direct evidence for competition between metastable ω and equilibrium α phases in aged β-type Ti alloys

Precipitation response of a recently developed b-type Ti–25Nb–2Mo–4Sn alloy(wt%) during aging was investigated in detail. Experimental results indicate that the metastable ω or equilibrium α phase can form alternatively even under the same aging condition, depending on the condition prior to the aging, i.e., solution treatment or severe cold rolling. This provides, for the first time, the direct evidence for the competition between ω and α in aged β-type Ti alloys. This peculiar aging response is found to be closely related to high-density dislocations and grain boundaries which suppress the formation of ω but favor the precipitation of fine a phase.     

Fatigue Behavior and Damage Evolution of SiC Fiberreinforced Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Matrix Composites

研究SiC纤维增强钛基复合材料(SiCf/Ti-6Al-4V)室温疲劳行为和损伤演化机制。疲劳试验条件:载荷控制、应力比0.1和加载频率10 Hz。采用疲劳断裂试验建立最大加载应力为600~1200 MPa内SiCf/Ti-6Al-4V的S-N曲线。采用疲劳中止试验以及SEM显微分析研究应力水平对SiCf/Ti-6Al-4V疲劳损伤演化的影响。结果表明,SiCf/Ti-6Al-4V疲劳损伤萌生模式与演化过程与应力水平密切相关。在高应力水平(Smax=1000 MPa),纤维开裂是主要损伤萌生模式。一旦2或3根纤维断裂后,纤维裂纹和基体裂纹开始联接并形成宏观扩展裂纹。在中等应力水平(Smax=800 MPa),基体裂纹萌生与扩展是主要损伤模式。多条基体裂纹萌生于试样外表面棱边和离外表面附近试样内部开裂的纤维基体界面处。基体裂纹均沿垂直于加载方向扩展,且大部分纤维未断裂并纤维桥接基体裂纹。在低应力水平(Smax=600 MPa),仅在C涂层和界面反应层之间和C涂层内部观察到局部界面脱粘现象。     

新型高强铝合金的热变形行为及组织演变

采用高温压缩实验研究了新型Al-Zn-Mg-Cu高强铝合金在温度300~450℃、应变速率0.001~10 s-1和压缩变形程度30%~80%范围内的热变形行为和组织演变。分析了该合金在实验参数范围内变形的应力-应变曲线特征。动力学分析获得该合金热变形的应力指数和激活能分别为4.97和150.07 kJ/mol,表明合金的热变形主要受扩散所控制。金相组织观察发现,随着变形温度的升高或应变速率的降低,变形组织晶内析出相逐渐溶入基体组织,晶内组织逐渐趋于均匀;同时粗大的晶粒沿变形方向拉长,晶界难溶相的碎化和弥散化程度增大。TEM和EBSD(electron back-scattered diffraction)组织分析表明,该合金在高温压缩变形过程中组织演变主要是亚晶的形成和完善的过程,热变形组织演变机理为动态回复和大应变几何动态再结晶。     

Role of phase transformation in chip segmentation during high speed machining of dual phase titanium alloys

Chip segmentation during machining of titanium alloys is primarily due to adiabatic shear localization associated with thermally driven α–β phase transformation at extremely high speeds. Current constitutive material models used in simulating the machining process ignore the role of phase transformation in shear localization and its influence on the material associated dynamic response. This research presents a new phase approach to chip segmentation that includes a recently developed constitutive material model based on the self-consistent method (SCM) that accounts for material composition, as well as α–β phase transformation, during machining. This SCM-based model is implemented in the finite element framework to validate and predict the effects of starting material property, cutting speeds, uncut chip thicknesses, rake angles, tool radius, and friction coefficients on the strains, temperatures and β volume fractions in chip segmentation. It confirms that cutting speed and uncut chip thickness have great impact, rake angle has less effect, tool radius and friction coefficient have the least effects on chip segmentation. However, tool geometry as well as machining parameters have great influence on the machined surface in terms of temperature magnitude, affected depth and the associated α–β phase transformation.     

Microstructures and properties of friction stir spot welded DP590 dual phase steel sheets

DP590 steel sheets were joined by friction stir spot welding using polycrystalline cubic boron nitride tool with an objective to produce bond diameters similar to conventional spot welding nuggets. A range of spindle rotation (400–2400 rev min^?1) and plunge speeds (0·03–3·8 mm s^?1) were exercised to attain defect free welds in 1·6 mm thick sheets. A bond diameter of 4t^1/2, alike minimum nugget diameter criteria for resistance spot welds, resulted in superior mechanical properties than conventional spot welds. The heat inputs corresponding to different welding parameters influenced the weld microstructure, including grain size, phases and their morphology. The bond diameter was higher for higher heat inputs. However, low heat input welds with weld time cycles ～4 s produced more refined microstructure and exhibited similar strengths even with reduced bond size. Plug type failure was associated with larger bond diameters (～7·1 mm), while interfacial failure was observed with smaller welds (～5·4 mm).     

Microstructure–properties relationships in martensitic stainless steel resistance spot welds

The paper addresses the phase transformations and mechanical response of martensitic stainless steel resistance spot welds. The fusion zone microstructure consists of carbon-rich martensite together with a relatively high amount of retained delta ferrite along the grain boundaries with a transition in solidification mode from equiaxed to columnar dendritic grains across the fusion zone. The heat affected zone microstructure is featured by martensitic matrix together with carbide precipitation. The very high hardness of the fusion zone and the heat affected zone, the sharpness of the notch at sheet/sheet interface, which is located in the hard microstructural zone, and the presence of delta ferrite in the weld nugget play important roles in failure characteristics and mechanical performance of the joint.     

镍基单晶高温合金在不同条件下的蠕变性能和组织演化(英文)

研究[001]取向的镍基单晶高温合金在不同测试条件下的蠕变性能,采用扫描电镜和透射电镜研究合金蠕变断裂后的γ′相、TCP相和位错组织演化特征。结果表明:合金具有良好的蠕变性能,蠕变曲线显示出两种不同的蠕变变形特征。在(760°C,600 MPa)、(850°C,550 MPa)条件下,蠕变第一阶段较长;在(980°C,250 MPa)、(1070°C,140 MPa)和(1100°C,120 MPa)条件下,蠕变第一阶段很短。蠕变断裂后,在(760°C,600 MPa)条件下γ′相形态变化不大;在(850°C,550 MPa)条件下γ′相已经合并长大;在(980°C,250 MPa)条件下基体γ被γ′相包围;在(1070°C,140 MPa)条件下基体γ不再连续;在(1100°C,120 MPa)条件下基体γ厚度进一步增加。在(760°C,600MPa)、(850°C,550 MPa)和(980°C,250 MPa)条件下合金无TCP相析出,而在(1070°C,140 MPa)和(1100°C,120MPa)条件下有针状TCP相析出。在低温高应力下,变形特征为位错包括层错的剪切机制;在高温低应力下为位错绕过机制,并在γ/γ′相界面形成位错网。     

Influence of Mg Contents on Aging Precipitation Behavior of Al-3.5Cu-xMg Alloy

The influence of Mg content on the microstructures and mechanical properties at room temperatures of Al-3.5Cu-(0.71-1.81)Mg alloys was studied.Precipitation phases in the alloys were identified by TEM and HRTEM.The results show that when Mg contents increase from 0.71 to 1.81 wt%,the precipitates are transformed from S,S″,Ω,and θ' phases to Sand S′phases,and Ω phase is first observed in Al-3.48Cu-0.71 Mg alloy with Cu/Mg mass ratio of 5 during the conventional aging heat treatment(190 ℃/12 h).Regard to aging hardness effect of the tested alloys,the hardness of the alloys improves with the increase of Mg content,but the increases become slow when Mg content is greater than 1.35 wt%.