Photons in the Non－uniform Optical Waveguide Propagate along z－axis in Spiral Form

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一般压缩态与非经典效应

本文引进谐振子体系一般压缩态,讨论它的压缩特性、反聚束特性及其产生,并给出各种极限下的结果。     

基于图像处理的粮虫自动计数系统的研究

针对目前在线粮情测控系统中存在的不能测得粮虫种类和粮虫数量的问题,本文研究了基于图像处理技术的粮虫自动计数系统,该系统采用数字图像处理技术对粮食样本图像进行处理,并在研究其灰度值分布的基础上,提出了图像分割最佳阈值算法,最后根据粮虫对象的形态特性进行计数。在对稻谷粮虫图像的试验中证明了此方法不仅能完整的将粮虫从样本图像中分割出来,而且计数准确,是实现粮虫自动计数的一种行之有效的方法。     

利用激光多普勒效应进行电缆动态定长的研究

激光多普勒测速法是一种高精度测速的方法,在测量流体速度方面应用较广,但因测速仪器技术含量高,目前主要靠进口欧美国家的产品,因而成本较高,在电缆、钢材行业应用有限,文章就是欲将激光多普勒测速法向电缆行业推广的一次尝试,对改善我国电缆行业长期存在的定长精度不能达到国际标准、浪费现象严重的现状具有一定的意义.     

早期产品可靠性预计存在的问题及对策

针对早期产品在可靠性预计过程中存在的普遍问题,以具有代表性的产品为例,给出了相应的对策.     

基于CPLD的单光子计数系统研究

介绍基于CPLD和USB接口的单光子计数系统,通过软硬件技术的结合,实现对超短脉宽的光脉冲信号的采集和输出.系统采用CPLD芯片、单片机和USB接口芯片,进行高速数据的采集,并在计算机中使用图形界面显示和控制,操作更为方便.实验证明,系统具有响应速度快、低成本、低功耗、可靠性高等优点.     

Numerical methods of multiaxial fatigue life prediction for elastomers under variable amplitude loadings

In this paper, numerical methods of fatigue life prediction for elastomers subjected to multidirectional, variable amplitude loadings are presented. Because experiments and numerical methods use different stress measures in large deformation, transformation between nominal stress and the second Piola–Kirchhoff stress is performed before fatigue life calculation. In order to incorporate the Mullins effect, the material properties of elastomers are calculated after an initial transition period. An efficient interpolation scheme using load stress/strain curves under unidirectional loading is proposed based on the fatigue characteristic of elastomers. A rainflow counting method with multi‐stress components is developed for variable amplitude loadings, and the critical plane method is applied to find the plane with the maximum damage parameter. Fatigue life predictions using the proposed numerical method are validated against experimental results. As a practical example, the fatigue life of a rubber engine mount is predicted using the proposed numerical method.     

Typical models: minimising false beliefs

A knowledge system S describing a part of real-world does, in general, not contain complete information. Reasoning with incomplete information is prone to errors since any belief derived from S may be false in the present state of the world. A false belief may suggest wrong decisions and lead to harmful actions. So, an important goal is to make false beliefs as unlikely as possible. This work introduces the notions of typical atoms and typical models, and shows that reasoning with typical models minimises the expected number of false beliefs over all ways of using incomplete information. Various properties of typical models are studied, in particular, correctness and stability of beliefs suggested by typical models, and their connection to oblivious reasoning.     

平板显色法同时计数生乳中的大肠菌群和菌落总数

为提高大肠菌群和菌落总数的计数效率，选用2-硝基苯基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷作为平板培养基中的显色底物，利用大肠菌群lacZ基因编码的β-半乳糖苷酶将其分解产生黄色化合物，使得大肠菌群菌落区分于其他菌株，实现大肠菌群和菌落总数的同时计数，优化该培养基配方，评估培养基的特异性、准确性以及在生乳中的应用效果。最终确定该培养基配方：胰蛋白胨12.5 g/L、酵母浸粉2.5 g/L、磷酸氢二钾2.75 g/L、磷酸二氢钾1.75 g/L、氯化钠5.0 g/L、琼脂15.0 g/L，2-硝基苯基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷0.1 g/L，pH值为7.0。在此基础上，添加0.05 g/L异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷或2.0 g/L乳糖均能够增强菌落显色效果，而葡萄糖则会抑制黄色化合物生成。特异性实验中，仅大肠菌群菌落颜色呈黄橙色，其他菌株则呈乳白色。在生乳样本中，该培养基与国标方法对于大肠菌群和菌落总数的计数结果基本一致。因此，该复合显色培养基能够大大提高大肠菌群和菌落总数的计数效率，降低检测成本，为生乳的卫生指标检测提供一种可行方案。     

Deformation and life assessment of high temperature materials under creep fatigue loading

The knowledge of mechanical long term behaviour under static and cyclic loading for high temperature components requires methodologies for life assessment in order to employ the full potential of materials. A phenomenological life time prediction concept which was developed for multi‐stage creep fatigue loading demonstrates the applicability of rules for synthesis of stress strain path and relaxation including an internal stress concept, as well as mean stress effects. Further, a creep fatigue interaction concept which was also developed covers a wide range of creep dominant loading as well as fatigue dominant loading. Service‐type experiments conducted at different strain rates and hold times for verification purposes demonstrate the acceptability of life prediction method for variation of conventional 1 %Cr‐steels as well as modern high chromium 9‐10 %Cr‐steels. Generally, the service life of components is influenced by multi‐axial behaviour. Multi‐axial experiments with e.g. notched specimens and with cruciform specimens accompanied by advanced methods for calculation of stress strain path and life time prediction stress conditions are of future interest.