微电流电解对尿素降解的机理及影响因素研究

采用微电流电解技术对模拟游泳池水中的尿素进行降解处理,探索了电解对尿素的去除机理,研究了电流密度和氯离子浓度等因素对电解去除尿素效果的影响。结果表明:以钌钛和不锈钢分别做阳极和阴极材料,当水溶液中有较高浓度的氯离子存在时,电解过程中产生的活性氯使得尿素被氧化,尿素降解产物中无氨氮、氯胺等二次污染物,尿素极有可能通过电解生成了N2等气体挥发到空气中。电流密度和氯离子浓度对尿素的去除效率有很大影响,随着电流密度和氯离子浓度的增加,尿素去除效率逐渐上升。在500 mg/L的氯离子浓度条件下,电流密度为12 m A/cm2时,电解处理30 min时尿素去除率可达99.5%。将微电流电解技术应用于游泳池水中的尿素去除,无需添加电解质,即能达到较高的尿素去除效果,采用该技术对游泳池水中的尿素进行降解去除完全可行。     

Proteomics of plaques and novel sources of potential biomarkers for atherosclerosis

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and loss of productive life years in the world. The underlying syndrome of CVD, atherosclerosis, is a complex disease process, which involves lipid metabolism, inflammation, innate and adaptive immunity, and many other pathophysiological aspects. Furthermore, CVD is influenced by genetic as well as environmental factors. Early detection of CVD and identification of patients at risk are crucial to reduce the burden of disease and to allow personalized treatment. As established risk factors fail to accurately predict which part of the population is likely to suffer from the disease, novel biomarkers are urgently needed. Proteomics can play a significant role in identifying these biomarkers. In this review, we describe the progress made in proteome profiling of the atherosclerotic plaque and several novel sources of potential biomarkers, including circulating cells and plasma extracellular vesicles. The importance of longitudinal biobanking in biomarker discovery is highlighted and exemplified by several plaque proteins identified in the biobank study Athero-Express. Finally, we discuss the PTMs of proteins that are involved in atherosclerosis, which may become one of the foci in the ongoing quest for biomarkers through proteomics of plaque and other matrices relevant to the progression of atherosclerosis.     

Use of otolith chemistry to discriminate juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from different wild populations and hatcheries in Lake Huron

Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Lake Huron consist of wild and hatchery-reared fish distributed among several populations. This study tested whether otolith chemistry can be used to identify the natal origin of Chinook salmon in this system. Concentrations of nine elements (Mg, K, Mn, Fe, Zn, Rb, Sr, Ba, and Pb) in the otoliths of Chinook salmon juveniles from 24 collection sites (17 streams and 7 hatcheries) around Lake Huron were analyzed using laser-ablation inductively-coupled mass spectrometry. Differences in otolith chemistry were found between rearing environments (wild and hatchery), among geological regions (Precambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous), and among collection sites. Discriminant function analysis showed high classification accuracies of juveniles to their rearing environment (wild versus hatchery, 82%), geological region (84%), and collection site (87%) of origin. With these values, there is excellent potential for otolith chemistry to be used to predict the natal origin of adults, and thus inform research and management of Chinook salmon in Lake Huron.     

臭味层次分析法在上海市饮用水中的应用

介绍了臭味层次分析法(FPA)培训内容及其在上海市饮用水臭味识别中的应用。结果表明,经过培训的FPA臭味识别小组能够对水样中不同种类的异臭味进行定性和定量的评价分析;臭味检测人员对上海市水体中含有的典型致臭土霉味物质甲基异莰醇-2和腥臭味物质二甲基三硫的嗅阈值可分别达到1.69ng/L和24.4ng/L,并对这两种物质的强度等级评价有较好的重现性。采用FPA评价上海市地区原水及不同供水区域自来水的臭味特征及加标后不同浓度条件下的臭味强度特征,结果表明,FPA优于现行使用的臭味评价方法,能够及时、快速地反映水质问题,是可靠的感官分析方法。     

采用浊度监测实现悬移质泥沙监测自动化的探讨

介绍了南宁水文站通过对水体浊度参数测试,得到浊度与含沙量关系,研究新悬移质泥沙监测模式,实现悬移质泥沙监测自动化,推进水文信息化进程适应经济发展,为防灾减灾决策,及时、准确提供科学依据。     

200MW机组电除尘器的优化改造

介绍了200MW机组电除尘器优化改造为电-袋除尘器的原因、选型对比分析情况以及主要实施方案。分析了电-袋除尘器的工作原理和性能特点,提出了运行调整措施,降低了机组烟尘排放浓度,增加了社会效益和经济效益。     

基于模拟植物生长算法作业车间调度问题研究

为了有效且简单的实现车间作业调度问题,提出了采用模拟植物生长算法的求解方法。针对车间作业流程,确定评价作业分配效率的指标,在此基础上建立车间作业分配的数学模型。然后通过对实例的计算及与其他优化算法的比较分析,验证了模拟植物生长算法不仅可获得最优解,求解效率也较其他算法得到了提高,是一种可行有效的方法。     

Influence of wall charge distribution on time lag of address discharge in AC plasma display panels

The influence of wall charge distribution on the time lag of address discharge in an AC plasma display panel is investigated using two different reset waveforms: one (typical reset) induces both face and surface discharges and the other (TR reset) induces face discharges only. The measured formative time lag and statistical time lag of address discharge for TR were 21–31 ns and 31–74 ns shorter than the one for the typical reset, respectively. The TR reset resulted in much less increase of statistical time lag than the typical reset when the reset-to-address time interval was increased, and 70 ns smaller deviation of the statistical time lag among different color cells. Calculations show that the TR reset forms a much smoother wall charge profile, which is less susceptible to cell parameter variations, than the typical reset. The observed differences in the time lags of address discharge between different scan lines and color cells are strongly correlated to the differences of the wall charge profile, indicating that a smooth wall charge profile formed by the reset using face discharges only reduces the time lag of address discharge and minimizes the susceptibility of address discharge to cell parameter variation.     

用于无创检测皮下葡萄糖的新型生物传感器研究

以无创检测人体血糖为应用需求,采用高灵敏度锇氧化还原聚合物修饰在薄膜电极上,并通过戊二醛交联法固定酶分子制备成新型生物传感器。实验结果表明:在0~700μmol/L的葡萄糖标准浓度范围内,传感器灵敏度为23.955 nA/(μmol.L-1),最低检测限为0.3μmol/L,相关系数为0.999;在标准皮下葡萄糖浓度0~19mmol/L浓度范围内,被抽取出的葡萄糖电流响应值与皮下葡萄糖的浓度成线性关系,线性相关系数为0.994,灵敏度为4.03 nA/(mmol.L-1);单只传感器对100μmol/L葡萄糖检测的精度为4.07%(n=10),不同传感器之间对100μmol/L葡萄糖测量的精度为3.22%(n=10),在4℃条件下,传感器的寿命可达450 d。     

关于烟气在线监测装置SO2周期性异常的分析与处理

本文针对目前电厂脱硫烟气连续排放监测系统（CEMS）中SO2数据周期性波动,通过对历史数据曲线分析排查,发现取样探头温控仪故障导致取样探头加热器无法加热,烟气中水分遇冷凝结在管壁,管壁中的水分平时吸收烟气中的SO2,导致测量值偏低,待水珠汇聚变大流入下面带加热的取样管中后,水中溶解SO2的集中释放,导致数据在短期急剧上升,蒸发释放完后回归到原来的水平,形成这样一个周期性吸收和集中释放的过程。可见烟气取样管道温度保护环节在烟气测量中的作用非常重要。