有效压力对低渗透多孔介质渗透率的影响

以低渗透多孔介质为研究对象 ,通过实验得出渗透率随有效压力变化曲线。实验结果表明 ,流体在低渗透多孔介质中渗流时 ,受有效压力的影响明显。这是因为低渗透多孔介质的孔隙很小 ,微小的孔隙度变化也会对渗透率产生较大的影响。因此在低渗透油气藏的开采中 ,不宜采用降压开采。     

对多孔介质物体孔隙度-蜡封法改进的探讨--以土壤团聚体为例

融资难问题已成为中国中小企业发展的桎梏。当前 ,在中国资本市场欠发达的金融体系下 ,间接融资无疑是中小企业最佳的融资途径。然而 ,长期以来 ,国有商业银行却忽视了对中小企业的信贷支持,要涉足这一领域,在“以市场为导向 ,以客户为中心,以效益为原则,以风险控制为主线”的信贷经营思想指导下,必须进行面向中小企业的信贷业务创新和组织结构调整     

Degenerate Two-Phase Incompressible Flow IV: Local Refinement and Domain Decomposition

This is the fourth paper of a series in which we analyze mathematical properties and develop numerical methods for a degenerate elliptic-parabolic partial differential system which describes the flow of two incompressible, immiscible fluids in porous media. In this paper we describe a finite element approximation for this system on locally refined grids. This adaptive approximation is based on a mixed finite element method for the elliptic pressure equation and a Galerkin finite element method for the degenerate parabolic saturation equation. Both discrete stability and sharp a priori error estimates are established for this approximation. Iterative techniques of domain decomposition type for solving it are discussed, and numerical results are presented.     

多孔硅红外光激发上转换兰光特性

采用电化学腐蚀法制备多孔硅（ＰＳ），测量了ＰＳ在近红外光（８００ｎｍ）激发下的光致发光（ＰＬ）谱和光致发光激发（ＰＬＥ）谱，结果表明ＰＳ具有良好的上转换荧光特性，并随着存放时间的延长，在一定期了内峰值强度有明显的增强，这种非线性光这响应的增强，被认为与空间量子限制效应作用下局域束缚激子被激发有关，硅片初始电阻率赵低发光强度越大。     

Characterization of porous poly-silicon as a gas sensor

Porous poly-silicon (PPS) is a cheaper alternative to single crystal porous silicon and is a favorable choice for making gas sensors. In this study, porous poly-silicon samples were prepared using different HF concentrations and the structural and gas-sensing properties were studied. The topography of the surface was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. The variation of electrical conductivity of the samples in the presence of dry air-diluted acetone, ethanol and methanol showed that for a constant etching current, the sensitivity was highest for samples prepared in 13% HF solution. The structure of the films in the optimum HF concentration is micrometer-sized islands with nanopores inside. The I–V curve varies in the presence of ethanol when the tip of STM is positioned on the islands. It was revealed that the sensitivity of samples annealed in air and samples boiled in CCl₄ decrease strongly. XPS data showed that the surface of the sample after boiling in CCl₄ is partially oxidized.     

Modeling and Simulation of Porous Elastoviscoplastic Material

Many materials exhibit elasto–visco–plastic behavior when subjected to loadings with certain strain rate. Examples include natural materials such as metals, clays, and soils and manmade materials such as some biomimic materials. Some voids may exist or be introduced in these materials. The effects of the voids on the material response are important in predicting the strength, reliability, and service life of structural systems containing these materials. This paper presents the results of applying a statistical micromechanical approach to describe the macroscopic behavior of elasto–visco–plastic materials containing many randomly dispersed spherical voids. Most existing micromechanics based models are only applicable to monotonic proportional loadings. The limitation is removed by integrating the material model into the framework of continuum plasticity. With the discrete integration algorithm and local return mapping algorithm, the proposed computation method is applicable to any loading and unloading histories and is ready for implementing into finite element analysis.     

新型蒙脱土多孔异构中孔材料的表征

采用天然钙基蒙脱土为原料,经碳酸钠钠化处理、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵有机改性后,以八烷胺做共表面活性剂,将有机土、中性胺和正硅酸乙酯按一定比例混合,搅拌反应4 h,经分离、干燥、焙烧,合成出新型中孔蒙脱土多孔异构材料。用XRD、TG、TG-FTIR、N2等温吸附-脱附和红外酸度分析等手段对产物进行了表征。结果表明,合成材料平均孔径为2.86 nm,达到了IUPAC规定的中孔范围(2~50 nm),且孔径分布较窄,BET比表面积为625 m2.g-1,同时拥有B酸和L酸两种酸性位。该种合成材料有别于酸化蒙脱土和无机交联蒙脱土等传统蒙脱土改性材料,同时其合成过程又为中孔材料的合成提供了一种新途径,在改善微孔(孔径一般小于1.5 nm)沸石分子筛孔径对较大分子进出限制这一方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

The influence of temperature, pressure, salinity and capillary force on the formation of methane hydrate

We present here a thermodynamic model for predicting multi-phase equilibrium of methane hydrate liquid and vapor phases under conditions of different temperature, pressure, salinity and pore sizes. The model is based on the 1959 van der Waals-Platteeuw model, angle-dependent ab initio inter- molecular potentials, the DMW-92 equation of state and Pitzer theory. Comparison with all available experimental data shows that this model can accurately predict the effects of temperature, pressure, salinity and capillary radius on the formation and dissociation of methane hydrate. Online calculations of the p-T conditions for the formation of methane hydrate at given salinities and pore sizes of sediments are available on: www.geochem-model.org/models.htm.     

Synthesis and catalytic properties of a new window type hybrid porous zirconium phosphonate

An organic–inorganic hybrid zirconium phosphonate (noted as ZrNCP) with window type porous structure was synthesized by using β–alanine–N,N-dimethylidenephosphonic acid and zirconium dichloride oxide octahydrate. The sample possesses regular flake morphology, and these flakes have porous framework structure, which were characterized by SEM, HRTEM, N₂ sorption, XRD, TGA–DSC, elemental analysis, XPS, and FT-IR spectroscopy techniques. The as-prepared ZrNCP can be used as catalyst to oxidation of formaldehyde after Fe³⁺ was intercalated and coordinated with nitrogen and carbonyl groups inside the porous walls of ZrNCP. 90.1% of oxidized efficiency was obtained when the catalyst was added into formaldehyde solution (40% water solution) at 80 °C.