MnO_2掺杂ZnPrCoCrO基压敏陶瓷制备

采用传统氧化物陶瓷工艺制备了掺杂MnO2(摩尔分数0～1.5%)的ZnO-Pr6O11-Co2O3-Cr2O3(ZnPrCoCrO)基压敏陶瓷。利用XRD、SEM及I-V特性测试等表征了所制陶瓷的微观结构和电学特性。结果表明:1 350℃下烧结1 h所制掺杂0.5%MnO2的ZnPrCoCrO陶瓷具有最佳的高压压敏性能:相对密度为99%、非线性系数为110、压敏电压强度为2 840 V/mm、漏电流密度为11.4×10–6A/cm2。     

高压压铸Mg-4Al-0．4Mn-xPr镁合金的显微组织和力学性能

采用高压压铸方法制备了Mg-4Al-0.4Mn-xPr(x = 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 质量分数,%)系列镁合金,利用X射线衍射仪、场发射环境扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度测试、拉伸和压缩性能测试以及断口分析等手段研究了Pr对高压压铸Mg-4Al基合金微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:高硬度合金铸造表面层与表面层中的高Pr含量和细密的组织有关;随着Pr添加量的增加,Al2Pr和Al11Pr3相在晶界附近形成,且其相对比例随之变化,同时合金组织被明显细化;添加约4%Pr(质量分数)的合金具有最佳的力学性能,良好的力学性能从室温一直保持到200 ℃;合金力学性能的提高主要由于合金致密的铸造表面层、大量第二相聚集晶界带来的晶界强化和细晶强化以及固溶强化所致.     

Crystallization behaviour and high coercivity of （Nd,Pr）（13）Fe（80）Nb1B6 melt-spun ribbons

Amorphous (Nd,Pr)₁₃Fe₈₀Nb₁B₆ ribbons were crystallized at 670–730°C for 5–25 min to study the effects of isothermal crystallization on their behavior and magnetic properties. XRD results indicate that the isothermal incubation time is 12, 5, and less than 5 min at 670, 700, and 730°C, respectively. High coercivities, with the maximum value of _i H _c = 1616 kA/m at 700°C for 19 min, measured by a physical property measurement system, are obtained in the crystallized ribbons. This is mainly attributed to the addition of Pr and Nb, because Pr₂Fe₁₄B has a higher anisotropic field than Nd₂Fe₁₄B, and Nb enriched in the grain boundary regions can not only reduce the exchange-coupling effects among hard grains, but also impede grain growth during the crystallization process. In addition, it should also be related to the characteristics of the furnace that the authors designed.     

烧结助剂Y2O3和Pr6O11对Al2O3陶瓷相对密度和热导率的影响

采用高分子网络法制备混合纳米粉体,研究稀土氧化物Y2O3和Pr6O11加入量对Al2O3陶瓷相对密度和热导率的影响。采用阿基米德方法测定样品的体积密度,利用激光脉冲法测量试样的热扩散率并计算得出热导率。结果表明:两种添加剂都可以降低Al2O3陶瓷的烧结温度,提高Al2O3陶瓷的热导率,其中Y2O3的促进作用较强;当保温时间相同、烧结温度为1 500~1 650℃时,Al2O3陶瓷的相对密度和热导率都随烧结温度的升高而增大;当烧结温度相同、保温时间为30~120 min时,Al2O3陶瓷的相对密度和热导率也随保温时间的延长而增大。     

Structures and electrochemical hydrogen storage behaviours of La0.75−xPrxMg0.25Ni3.2Co0.2Al0.1 (x = 0–0.4) alloys prepared by melt spinning

In order to improve the electrochemical performance of the La–Mg–Ni system A₂B₇-type electrode alloys, La in the alloy was partially substituted by Pr and melt spinning technology was used for preparing La_0.75−xPr_xMg_0.25Ni_3.2Co_0.2Al_0.1 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) electrode alloys. The microstructures and electrochemical performance of the as-cast and spun alloys were investigated in detail. The results obtained by XRD, SEM and TEM show that the as-cast and spun alloys have a multiphase structure which consists of two main phases (La, Mg)Ni₃ and LaNi₅ as well as a residual phase LaNi₂. The substitution of Pr for La leads to an obvious increase of the (La, Mg)Ni₃ phase and a decrease of the LaNi₅ phase in the alloys. The results of the electrochemical measurement indicate that the discharge capacity of the alloys first increases and then decreases with variation of the Pr content. The cycle stability of the alloy monotonically rises with increasing Pr content. When the Pr content rises from 0 to 0.4, the discharge capacity increases from 389.4 (x = 0) to 392.4 (x = 0.1) and then drops to 383.7 mAh/g (x = 0.4) for the as-cast alloy. Discharge capacity increases from 393.5 (x = 0) to 397.9 (x = 0.1), and then declines to 382.5 mAh/g for the as-spun (5 m/s) alloys. The capacity remaining after 100 cycles increases from 65.32 to 79.36% for the as-cast alloy, and from 73.97 to 93.08% for the as-spun (20 m/s) alloy.     

A method for fabricating protein patterns on the octadecyltrichlorosialne(OTS) surface through paper swabbing

A simple protein patterning procedure was developed for fabricating clean protein patterns ranging from nanometer to sub-millimeter scale. A carboxylic acid-terminated chemical pattern was fabricated first through the local probe oxidation on the octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) film under 100% relative humidity at the first. After incubating the chemical pattern in a protein solution, the sample was swabbed with a piece of ChemWipe paper to selectively remove the non-specifically adsorbed protein. After the swabbing, only the specifically immobilized protein remained on the surface, forming a protein pattern on the chemical template with a very clean background. In our approach, an anti-fouling surface or vigorous rinsing is not required, which simplifies the protein patterning process. As a demonstration of the capability of this protein patterning approach, we fabricated the lysozyme and catalase patterns on the OTS surface. Both patterns were clean and bioactive.     

稀土元素Pr对Ag30CuZnSn钎料性能的影响

研究了微量稀土元素Pr对Ag30CuZnSn钎料的熔化温度、润湿性能、钎缝力学性能以及钎料显微组织的影响规律.结果表明,随着镨含量的增加,钎料的润湿性有所改善,但当镨含量超过0.15%(质量分数,下同)时,钎料的润湿性反而会变差;钎缝力学性能试验结果显示,随着Pr元素的加入,钎缝抗拉强度增加,当镨含量达到0.15%时抗拉强度达到最大值;钎料显微组织分析表明,镨的加入能够细化Ag30CuZnSn钎料的晶粒,镨的添加量达到0.15%时钎料显微组织最佳,与钎料润湿性能、钎缝力学性能的变化规律吻合.     

添加Y对快淬Pr2Fe14B薄带磁性能的影响

利用溶体快淬法研究了Y的添加对Pr2Fe14B合金磁性能的影响。结果表明：薄带Pr2Fe14B的最佳铜辊转速为30 m/s。Pr12-xYxFe84B6 (x=0~12)快淬薄带主要由各向异性、纳米结构的R2Fe14B相组成,其矫顽力、剩磁,剩磁比和饱和磁化强度均随着Y含量的增加而减少。Pr12-xYxFe84B6快淬薄带的磁晶各向异性随着Y替代量的增加而降低,导致矫顽力逐渐减少,这是由于Y2Fe14B的磁晶各向异性低于Pr2Fe14B。然而,只要Y元素含量不超过4at%,Pr12-xYxFe84B6快淬薄带的退磁化曲线的方形度较好,晶粒间交换耦合作用也比较强。     

基于Pr0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ对称固体氧化物燃料电池的性能优化研究

采用柠檬酸-硝酸盐自蔓延燃烧法分别合成了Pr_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.2Fe_0.8O_3-δ(PSCF)和Gd_0.2Ce_0.8O_2-δ(GDC)粉体, 高温固相法合成La_0.9Sr_0.1Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_3-δ(LSGM)电解质粉体。以LSGM为电解质, PSCF同时作为阴极和阳极, GDC作为功能层材料, 构建了对称固体氧化物燃料电池PSCF│GDC│LSGM│GDC│PSCF。利用X射线衍射法研究材料的成相以及相互间的化学稳定性, 交流阻抗法记录界面极化行为, 用扫描电子显微镜观察电池的断面微结构, 用自组装的测试系统评价电池输出性能。结果表明, 合成的PSCF粉体呈立方钙钛矿结构, 具有良好的氧化-还原可逆性。使用GDC功能层明显改善了氢气环境下PSCF与LSGM材料间的化学相容性以及电池的输出性能, 800℃时, 电极│电解质界面极化电阻从6.892 Ω·cm²下降到0.314 Ω·cm²; 以加湿H₂(含体积分数3%的水蒸气)为燃料气, 空气为氧化气时, 单电池输出功率密度由269 mW/cm²增大至463 mW/cm²。研究结果显示, PSCF是对称固体氧化物燃料电池良好的候选电极材料, GDC功能层对改善电池长期稳定性能具有潜在的应用价值。     

煤仓新型自动疏松机的设计

煤仓是煤炭生产系统和火力发电系统中主要的装储环节,而煤仓却经常发生堵塞的事故,如何保证煤仓顺利运转已经成为各洗煤厂的重要课题。基于洗煤厂煤仓,设计了一种解决蓬煤的新型疏松机。