转基因作物筛查用阳性质粒分子的构建及应用研究

通过分析全球商业化种植的转基因作物分子特征,选取常用的调控元件启动子CaMV35S、FMV35S和nos,终止子NOS、T-35S、g73′和E93′,标记基因bar、NPTII、hptII、pmi作为筛查靶标序列,通过重组PCR技术将这些元件克隆到双元载体pBI121上,构建成包含11个转基因元件的通用阳性质粒分子pBI121-ELEMENTS。质粒序列信息已提交至GenBank并获得序列号HM047294。该质粒分子对目前国内外批准的5类主要转基因作物（大豆、油菜、玉米、棉花和水稻）理论筛查覆盖率达到91.5%,对我国批准进口的27种转基因作物的理论筛查覆盖率达100%。以pBI121-ELEMENTS为阳性对照,筛查7个转基因品系,结果显示该分子能够有效用于转基因作物定性筛查。     

Characterization of Aspergillus oryzae glycoside hydrolase family 43 β-xylosidase expressed in Escherichia coli

This is the first report of glycoside hydrolase family 43 β-xylosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. To characterize this enzyme, the recombinant enzyme was expressed in Escherichia coli. Unlike known β-xylosidases from fungal origins, the enzyme did not show substrate ambiguity and was stable at alkaline pH.     

Isolation,cloning, and characterization of the 2S albumin: A new allergen from hazelnut

Scope: 2S albumins are the major allergens involved in severe food allergy to nuts, seeds, and legumes. We aimed to isolate, clone, and express 2S albumin from hazelnut and determine its allergenicity. Methods: 2S albumin from hazelnut extract was purified using size exclusion chromatography and RP‐HPLC. After N‐terminal sequencing, degenerated and poly‐d(T) primers were used to clone the 2S albumin sequence from hazelnut cDNA. After expression in Escherichia coli and affinity purification, IgE reactivity was evaluated by Immunoblot/ImmunoCAP (inhibition) analyses using sera of nut‐allergic patients. Results: N‐terminal sequencing of a ～10 kDa peak from size exclusion chromatography/RP‐HPLC gave two sequences highly homologous to pecan 2S albumin, an 11 amino acid (aa) N‐terminal and a 10aa internal peptide. The obtained clone (441 bp) encoded a 147aa hazelnut 2S albumin consisting of a putative signal peptide (22 aa), a linker peptide (20 aa), and the mature protein sequence (105 aa). The latter was successfully expressed in E. coli. Both recombinant and natural 2S albumin demonstrated similar IgE reactivity in Immunoblot/ImmunoCAP (inhibition) analyses. Conclusion: We confirmed the postulated role of hazelnut 2S albumin as an allergen. The availability of recombinant molecules will allow establishing the importance of hazelnut 2S albumin for hazelnut allergy.     

乙型肝炎表面抗原联合rmIL-12诱导的小鼠细胞免疫应答

目的探讨乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)联合重组鼠白介素-12(rmIL-12)对免疫小鼠诱导细胞免疫应答的影响。方法以不同给药方式、不同剂量的HBsAg联合rmIL-12免疫C57BL/6J小鼠,ELISA法检测小鼠血清及脾淋巴细胞中IFNγ及IL-4的水平。结果HBsAg+rmIL-12高剂量组免疫的C57BL/6J小鼠,其脾淋巴细胞IFNγ水平明显高于BALB/c小鼠;3种不同给药方式均可诱导C57BL/6J小鼠血清和脾细胞IFNγ水平明显升高,三者之间差异无统计学意义;HBsAg+rmIL-12高、中、低剂量组免疫C57BL/6J小鼠血清可诱导IFNγ水平明显升高,且呈剂量依赖性,脾细胞IFNγ水平在中、低剂量组均未产生效应,高剂量组明显升高,而对IL-4无明显影响。结论rmIL-12可显著增强HBsAg诱导的细胞免疫应答,并使免疫应答转向Th1型,对于发展治疗性乙肝疫苗具有潜在的应用价值。     

Ipr1和GFP基因真核共表达穿梭质粒的构建及其在人肺癌细胞中的表达

目的构建胞内病原体抗性基因1(Ipr1)和绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因真核共表达穿梭质粒,并在人肺腺癌细胞A549中表达。方法采用PCR方法,分别从质粒pEGFP-C1-Ipr1和pEGFP-C1中扩增Ipr1和GFP基因,将GFP基因、分枝杆菌复制子OriM和Ipr1基因同时克隆入多启动子真核共表达载体pBudCE4.1中,构建pBud-GFP-OriM-Ipr1穿梭质粒,脂质体法转染A549细胞,荧光显微镜观察GFP的表达,免疫组化方法检测Ipr1蛋白的表达。结果酶切和测序分析表明,pBud-GFP-OriM-Ipr1真核共表达穿梭质粒构建正确。转染A549细胞后,荧光显微镜下可观察到转染细胞中有GFP表达,免疫组化法可检测到Ipr1蛋白的表达,且定位于细胞核内。结论已成功构建Ipr1和GFP基因真核共表达穿梭质粒,为进一步研究Ipr1抗结核的功能奠定了基础。     

肉制品中猪源性成分相对定量检测方法研究

目的建立一种肉制品中猪源性成分的相对定量检测方法。方法针对猪的ER-beta基因的mRNA序列设计了特异性引物与探针序列,并对引物和探针的特异性进行了验证。构建重组质粒,利用质粒拷贝数的log值和Ct值构建标准曲线。通过标准曲线计算各个样本拷贝数,将待测样本和标准种源样本的拷贝数进行比较,确定检测样本的猪源性含量。结果实际掺加量分别为20%、40%、50%和60%的混合样品经该方法检测所得掺假量均值为猪体系24.8%、53.1%、53.1%、61%,检测结果与其实际含量基本一致。结论该方法基本能实现肉制品中猪源性成分的相对定量检测。     

Evaluation of a Novel Plasmid for Simultaneous Gene Electrotransfer-Mediated Silencing of CD105 and CD146 in Combination with Irradiation

Targeting tumor vasculature through specific endothelial cell markers represents a promising approach for cancer treatment. Here our aim was to construct an antibiotic resistance gene-free plasmid encoding shRNAs to simultaneously target two endothelial cell markers, CD105 and CD146, and to test its functionality and therapeutic potential in vitro when delivered by gene electrotransfer (GET) and combined with irradiation (IR). Functionality of the plasmid was evaluated by determining the silencing of the targeted genes using qRT-PCR. Antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects were determined by the cytotoxicity assay tube formation assay and wound healing assay in murine endothelial cells 2H-11. The functionality of the plasmid construct was also evaluated in malignant melanoma tumor cell line B16F10. Additionally, potential activation of immune response was measured by induction of DNA sensor STING and proinflammatory cytokines by qRT-PCR in endothelial cells 2H-11. We demonstrated that the plasmid construction was successful and can efficiently silence the expression of the two targeted genes. As a consequence of silencing, reduced migration rate and angiogenic potential was confirmed in 2H-11 endothelial cells. Furthermore, induction of DNA sensor STING and proinflammatory cytokines were determined, which could add to the therapeutic effectiveness when used in vivo. To conclude, we successfully constructed a novel plasmid DNA with two shRNAs, which holds a great promise for further in vivo testing.     

Hepatitis B Virus-Like Particle: Targeted Delivery of Plasmid Expressing Short Hairpin RNA for Silencing the Bcl-2 Gene in Cervical Cancer Cells

Gene therapy research has advanced to clinical trials, but it is hampered by unstable nucleic acids packaged inside carriers and there is a lack of specificity towards targeted sites in the body. This study aims to address gene therapy limitations by encapsidating a plasmid synthesizing a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) that targets the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene using truncated hepatitis B core antigen (tHBcAg) virus-like particle (VLP). A shRNA sequence targeting anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 was synthesized and cloned into the pSilencer 2.0-U6 vector. The recombinant plasmid, namely PshRNA, was encapsidated inside tHBcAg VLP and conjugated with folic acid (FA) to produce FA-tHBcAg-PshRNA VLP. Electron microscopy revealed that the FA-tHBcAg-PshRNA VLP has an icosahedral structure that is similar to the unmodified tHBcAg VLP. Delivery of FA-tHBcAg-PshRNA VLP into HeLa cells overexpressing the folate receptor significantly downregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 at 48 and 72 h post-transfection. The 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay demonstrated that the cells’ viability was significantly reduced from 89.46% at 24 h to 64.52% and 60.63%, respectively, at 48 and 72 h post-transfection. As a conclusion, tHBcAg VLP can be used as a carrier for a receptor-mediated targeted delivery of a therapeutic plasmid encoding shRNA for gene silencing in cancer cells.     

Anti‐Atherogenic Effect of Stem Cell Nanovesicles Targeting Disturbed Flow Sites

Atherosclerosis development leads to irreversible cascades, highlighting the unmet need for improved methods of early diagnosis and prevention. Disturbed flow formation is one of the earliest atherogenic events, resulting in increased endothelial permeability and subsequent monocyte recruitment. Here, a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐derived nanovesicle (NV) that can target disturbed flow sites with the peptide GSPREYTSYMPH (PREY) (PMSC‐NVs) is presented which is selected through phage display screening of a hundred million peptides. The PMSC‐NVs are effectively produced from human MSCs (hMSCs) using plasmid DNA designed to functionalize the cell membrane with PREY. The potent anti‐inflammatory and pro‐endothelial recovery effects are confirmed, similar to those of hMSCs, employing mouse and porcine partial carotid artery ligation models as well as a microfluidic disturbed flow model with human carotid artery‐derived endothelial cells. This nanoscale platform is expected to contribute to the development of new theragnostic strategies for preventing the progression of atherosclerosis.