不锈钢粉尘综合利用现状及研究进展

介绍了国内外不锈钢粉尘的处理工艺,对等离子工艺、Inmetco工艺、Fastmet/Fastmelt工艺、STAR工艺等几种代表性工艺的优缺点做了对比,并重点阐述了一步还原直接回收工艺,对该工艺所面临的问题展开了讨论。     

从玫瑰茄废弃细胞中提取食用纤维的研究

从玫瑰茄废弃细胞中回收提取食用纤维，可以变废为宝，减少环境污染。从提取花青素以后的玫瑰茄细胞中可以回收平均８．０％的食用纤维，其中碱可溶性的半纤维素为３．９％，碱不溶性的纤维素为４．１％。     

Size Reduction of Metals by Means of Swing‐Hammer Shredders

Size reduction is of cardinal importance in the recycling of scrap and waste. The choice of size reduction machines is critically dependent on the properties and bonding conditions of the components present in the waste or scrap. Shredders have become widely used for the size reduction of various kinds of scrap. Size reduction of metals in shredders requires sufficiently deformation of the pieces of material (bending to compaction) which leads to cracking. Tensile loads con combination with bending and torsion can enlarge the cracks and ultimately lead to break‐up of the pieces of metal.     

Chemical Recycling and Kinetics of Aqueous Alkaline Depolymerization of Poly(Butylene Terephthalate) Waste

Depolymerization reactions of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) waste in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution were carried out in a batch reactor at 80–140 °C at atmospheric pressure by varying PBT particle size in the range of 50–512.5 μm. Reaction time was also varied from 10–110 min to understand the influence of PBT particle size and reaction time on the batch reactor performance. Agitator speed, particle size of PBT and reaction time required were optimized. Disodium terephthalate (salt) and 1,4‐butanediol (BD) remain in the liquid phase. BD was recovered by the salting‐out method. Disodium terephthalate was separated by acidification to obtain solid terephthalic acid (TPA). The produced monomeric products (TPA and BD) and PBT were analyzed. The yields of TPA and BD were in agreement with PBT conversion. The depolymerization reaction rate was first order to PBT concentration as well as first order to sodium hydroxide concentration. The acid value of TPA changes with the reaction time as well as particle size of PBT. This indicates that PBT molecules get fragmented and hydrolyze simultaneously with aqueous sodium hydroxide to produce BD and disodium terephthalate. Activation energy, Arrhenius constant, equilibrium constant, Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy were determined. The dependence of the hydrolysis rate constant on reaction temperature was correlated by the Arrhenius plot, which shows an activation energy of 25 kJ/mol and an Arrhenius constant of 438 L/min/cm².     

Laboratory Evaluation of Crushed Glass–Dredged Material Blends

A comprehensive laboratory evaluation of blending 9.5?mm (3/8?in.) minus curbside-collected crushed glass (CG) with dredged material (DM) was conducted to evaluate their potential for beneficial use as fill materials for urban applications. Tests were performed on 100% CG (USCS classification SP) and 100% DM (OH) specimens and 20/80, 40/60, 50/50, 60/40, and 80/20 CG–DM blends (dry weight percent CG content reported first). The addition of 20% CG resulted in a 10–20 point (33–67%) reduction in wopt while increasing the dry density by approximately 1–3?kN/m3 for standard and modified levels of compaction, respectively. Simultaneously, the compressibility of the DM was reduced by approximately 50% and the hydraulic conductivity was reduced by ? order of magnitude. The addition of 20% CG significantly decreased the moisture content and significantly improved the workability of the 100% DM, where workability refers to the ease of handling, transport, placement, and compaction of the CG–DM blends (compared to 100% DM). CIū triaxial strength testing indicated effective friction angles of 34 and 37° for 100% DM and CG compacted to a minimum of 95% relative compaction by ASTM D1557, respectively. A peak effective friction angle of 39° occurred for the 60/40 and 80/20 CG–DM blends which were also 1 and 3 orders of magnitude more permeable than 100% DM, respectively. Related increases in cv resulted in decreased times required for consolidation. The range of properties obtainable by the CG–DM blends offers a versatility that allows for the design of fills that can be potentially optimized to meet multiple design parameters (e.g. strength, settlement, drainage, or higher CG or DM content).     

关于余浆的回收利用

近年来随着我国设计单位、施工企业对管桩产品认识的加深,管桩的市场得到了很大的开发,但随之产生的余浆污染,也着实让管桩行业为难,如何处理余浆已成了各个生产厂家急需解决的问题。本文是通过把余浆作为一种掺合料着手,通过对其成份的分析,经过大量的试验及实践验证,成功的把余浆用于管桩再生产过程中,既变废为宝,降低了生产成本,又为企业增加效益开辟了新路子。     

Accelerated carbonation for treatment of MSWI bottom ash

Leaching of heavy metals from MSWI bottom ash exceeds some of the Flemish limit values for recycling the material as granular construction application. In particular, leaching of Cu, Zn and Pb often exceeds the limit value, with Cu being the most critical. In order to recycle bottom ash, treatment is therefore required. The bottom ash studied was divided on-site into four fractions using a large-scale wet sieving installation: a sludge fraction (Ø 0–0.1 mm), a sand fraction (Ø 0.1–2 mm) and two gravel fractions (Ø 2–6 and 6–50 mm). The two gravel fractions complied with the limit values after 3 months of natural ageing. The sand and sludge fraction did not reach the limit value for Cu. Four weeks of accelerated carbonation resulted in an important decrease of Cu leaching from these two fractions, although the limit value is still exceeded. In view of applying carbonation as one of the treatment methods in an integrated industrial application, two tests were additionally performed. The use of stack gas as carbonating medium was verified by setting up an accelerated carbonation experiment at the incineration plant. Also, the depth of carbonation was measured in a 10 cm thick sample of the sand fraction after different periods of treatment. After 3 months of natural ageing only the upper 4 cm underwent a significant carbonation, while after one week of accelerated carbonation the total sample was carbonated. A model was developed to predict these experimental results.     

关于矿产资源循环利用及其建议与对策

本文阐述了矿产资源的特点及其对我国经济和社会发展的意义，同时提出了矿产资源持续供应面临的问题，提出了循环经济的概念，并对矿产资源领域如何发展循环利用提出了相应的对策、建议，并总结了今后应该研究的方向。     

Sustainability of photovoltaics: The case for thin-film solar cells

To ensure photovoltaics become a major sustainable player in a competitive power-generation market, they must provide abundant, affordable electricity, with environmental impacts drastically lower than those from conventional power generation. The recent reduction in the cost of 2nd generation thin-film PV is remarkable, meeting the production milestone of $1 per watt in the fourth quarter of 2008. This achievement holds great promise for the future. However, the questions remaining are whether the expense of PV modules can be lowered further, and if there are resource- and environmental-impact constraints to growth. I examine the potential of thin-films in a prospective life-cycle analysis, focusing on direct costs, resource availability, and environmental impacts. These three aspects are closely related; developing thinner solar cells and recycling spent modules will become increasingly important in resolving cost, resource, and environmental constraints to large scales of sustainable growth.