Survey of users and providers of recycled water: quality concerns and directions for applied research

Users and providers of recycled water in Queensland, Australia, were canvassed to ascertain concerns about recycled water quality and directions for applied research. Some 79% of respondents had concerns about recycled water quality including microbiological components, such as viruses, parasites and bacteria, salinity related components, aggregate components, such as pH and solids, nutrients, organic components, including pesticides and endocrine disruptors, as well as quality variability. Relative differences in the proportion of concern for some quality characteristics were observed between the areas of different population density with those from the low population areas being more concerned than those from medium or high areas. Some users and providers observed changes in recycled water quality during distribution including nutrients, chlorine, solids, colour and odour. Some 52% of providers and 19% of current users propose to expand their usage and 30% of non-users propose to commence doing so in the next 5 years. Recycled water quality characteristics identified for applied research included microbiological components, organic components, nutrients and salinity.     

应用设计模式构建数据库操作工厂

本文描述了如何将时数据库的常用操作，包括增、删、改、查等封装为一个完整的功能类库，同时为了方便其复用和维护．类库的设计中合理的运用了几种常见的设计模式，能够较好的完成各种数据库操作。     

基于构件的软件开发方法中的若干经验

基于构件的软件开发方法提出了全新的开发模式,在研究与应用中都体现出多方面的理论及实践价值,能很好地保证软件功能性、开发效率、质量、可靠性和可移植性。然而在突破传统开发方式的过程中,许多软件开发组织也面临采用新方法所带来的观念、组织、技术、过程等方面的挑战。文章针对基于构件的软件开发过程中遇到的问题作了理论分析,提出了一系列指导性经验法则。     

基于体系结构的应用系统族开发方法的研究

对于建筑领域管理系统这样具有共同特性的一组应用系统的开发,如果没有系统性重用的方法,不仅会造成软件资产的大量浪费,而且也使系统的成本和开发周期大大增加。为解决上述问题,该文提出了一套以体系结构为中心的工程化软件开发方法,该方法利用软件产品线开发的思想,将软件产品线工程和应用工程两种开发活动集成到一起,通过族体系结构的重用实现系统性重用。     

基于构件的应用框架设计

专向领域的复用是提高软件复用水平的主要途径之一，面向领域的应用框架设计则是其中最有效的方式。文中着重介绍了应用框架的基本思想，并给出应用框架设计的具体步骤。     

面向对象与软件复用技术研究

软件复用是软件开发中避免重复劳动的一种行之有效的解决方案 ,好的复用技术可以节约开发成本 ,缩短开发时间 ,带来高可靠、高性能、高质量和高效率的软件新系统。面向对象技术是一个非常实用且强有力的软件开发方法 ,可为软件复用提供基本的技术支持。介绍了软件复用的基本概念和关键技术 ,并阐述了软件复用在面向对象方法中的应用。     

An integrated genetic analysis microfluidic platform with valves and a PCR chip reusability method to avoid contamination

Clinical diagnostics and genomic research often require performing numerous genetic tests. While microfluidic devices provide a low-cost alternative to such demands, integrated microfluidic devices are fabricated using expensive technology not always affordable for single use. However, carryover cross-contamination (CXC) concerns (i.e. either false positive or false negative PCR data) in PCR chips prevent reuse, defying much of the advantages of miniaturized systems developed using expensive MEMS processing. In this work, we present an integrated and reusable PCR–CE glass microfluidic chip capable of multi-chamber PCR and sequential CE, with emphasis on a unique chip reusability approach to avoid CXC. For reliable PCR, the surface of the chamber is re-configured from its virgin hydrophilic (CA < 20°) to hydrophobic (CA > 110°) by silanization. To then extend this silanization method as a chip reusability technique, the silanization coating is ‘stripped and re-silanized’ (SRS) to create a fresh coating prior to each successive PCR run. Experimental confirmation of the effectiveness of SRS method in avoiding the CXC is demonstrated using plasmid DNA and HIV-1 infected DNA samples. We also present passive plug microvalves incorporated in the chip to enable fluid/vapor retention during the PCR and controlled fluid flow from the PCR chamber to the CE section for further analysis.     

Refinement preserving approximations for the design and verification of heterogeneous systems

Embedded systems are electronic devices that function in the context of a real environment, by sensing and reacting to a set of stimuli. Because of their close interaction with the environment, and to simplify their design, different parts of an embedded system are best described using different notations and different techniques. In this case, we say that the system is heterogeneous. We informally refer to the notation and the rules that are used to specify and verify the elements of heterogeneous systems and their collective behavior as a model of computation. In this paper, we consider different classes of relationships between models of computation and discuss their preservation properties with respect to the model's refinement relation and composition operator. In particular, we focus on abstraction and refinement relationships in the form of abstract interpretations and introduce the notion of conservative approximation. We show that, unlike abstract interpretations, conservative approximations preserve refinement verification results from an abstract to a concrete model while avoiding false positives. We also characterize the relationship between abstract interpretations and conservative approximations, and derive necessary and sufficient conditions to obtain a conservative approximation from a pair of abstract interpretations. In addition, we use the inverse of a conservative approximation to identify components that can be used indifferently in several models, thus enabling reuse across models of computation. The concepts described in this paper are illustrated with examples from continuous time and discrete time models of computation.     

软件开发复用技术在SCOU NIX环境开发中的应用

本文主要讨论了在UNIX环境下开发应用软件时,如何使用软件开发复用技术减少重复开发、提高开发效率,借此来解决软件开发劳动重复浪费的问题。     

支持复用的汽车外观造型设计系统研究与实践

计算机辅助汽车外观造型设计领域的构件复用率低、智能化程度不高等问题引起了越来越多研究者的关注。为解决此问题，该文提出了新颖的支持复用的汽车外观造型设计系统的设计思想，根据该系统的特点，对汽车构件的设计、存储以及构件库的组织、结构与管理使用，也进行了初步研究与实践。