传统木门窗的视知觉分析

随着对古民居研究的逐渐细化,我国古代民居门窗的研究也进入一个新的领域。本文所探讨的中国传统建筑中的木门窗是传统建筑中不可分割的构件,同时由于门窗的构成反映了屋主的审美情趣和匠师的制作水平,和人们日常起居密切相关,加上人们的主观愿望更希望实用和美观相结合,以满足人对美的追求和渴望。美的感觉之所以产生,往往是因为美在人的心理上产生的愉悦感,而人类心理又是在通过日常生活中无意识的类比知觉到“不美”构图存在的不适,于是对“美”的构图产生了强烈的需求。其中优秀的门窗是美的事物的形象呈现在人们面前,它实现了它在整个建筑中美学和实用的双重功能。笔者以门窗所具有的审美功能为切入点,应用视觉分析的原理详细剖析优秀门窗的构成方式及其如何使人赏心悦目。     

Inventing the Rural: A Brief History of Modern Architecture in the Countryside

The rural has long occupied a valuable, if under-theorised position in modern architectural history. Here, Cole Roskam , Assistant Professor of Architectural History at the University of Hong Kong, highlights key moments in this history and, in doing so, illuminates a central paradox at the heart of architecture's various turns to the countryside; namely, can architects maintain the physical and social integrity of the rural when they are themselves a fundamental vector of its changing character?     

Rudolf Arnheim: An elegant artistic Gestalt.

Rudolf Arnheim created an influential new psychology of art by applying the Gestalt principles of perceptual organization to generate deeper understanding of great artistic works. He wrote widely used books on the psychology of art and taught for many years at major institutions of higher learning, and could be considered the founder of the discipline to which this journal is devoted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sense and Sensibilia

Since the 1960s, innovation has become one of the sole purposes of architecture and membership of the avant-garde an underlying motive force. Philippe Morel of EZCT Architecture & Design Research juxtaposes the ‘sense and sensibilia’ of mathematics, now widely adopted by the ‘creative minorities’, against the idealism of mid 20th-century modernism. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The case of Dr. Flesch.

On Why Johnny Can't Read, by Rudolf Flesch, "A number of writers have already stated that Flesch has distorted and misrepresented the research evidence concerning the teaching of reading… ." Major conclusions relevant to reading instruction based on research evidence are summarized; distortions in Flesch's reporting of evidence are specified. Flesch's neglect of "a number of important and pertinent studies" is cited. 24 references. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Introduction to the special issue.

Rudolf Arnheim was born July 15, 1904, and he has maintained contact with colleagues past his centenary year. A symposium, "Honoring Rudolf Arnheim at 100: Creating Psychology and the Arts," was held at the 113th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association (APA) in Washington, DC, on August 20, 2005, and he sent along a welcoming note (see Figure 1). Presenters included Claire Golomb, John Kennedy, Ellen Winner, and myself, with our current Division 10 president, Lauren Seifert, serving as moderator and discussant. At the end of the session, Michael Wertheimer offered reminiscences about his relations with Rudolf Arnheim, and his written reflections appear as the first contribution in this issue of the journal (Wertheimer, 2007). Ian Verstegen (2007) has also contributed an article based on his book Arnheim, Gestalt and Art: A Psychological Theory (Verstegen, 2005). A collection of these articles are presented in this issue of Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Classification and Treatment of Diseases in the Age of Genome Medicine Based on Pathway Pathology

The focus of pathology as a biomedical discipline is the identification of the pathomechanisms of diseases and the integration of this knowledge into routine diagnosis and classification. Standard tools are macroscopic and microscopic analysis complemented by immunohistochemistry and molecular pathology. So far, classification has been based on the paradigm of cellular pathology established by Rudolf Virchow and others more than 150 years ago, stating that diseases originate from diseased cells. This dogma is meanwhile challenged by the fact that cells can be fully reprogrammed. Many diseases are nowadays considered to originate from undifferentiated stem cells, induced into a diseased state by genetic or epigenetic alterations. In addition, the completion of the Human Genome Project, with the identification of more than 20.000 genes and a much higher number of gene variants and mutations, led to the concept that diseases are dominated by genetics/epigenetics rather than cells of origin. The axiom of cellular pathology, however, still holds true, as cells are the smallest animate units from which diseases originate. Medical doctors and researchers nowadays have to deal with a tremendous amount of data. The International Classification of Diseases will expand from 14.400 entities/codes in ICD-10 to more than 55.000 in ICD-11. In addition, large datasets generated by “genomics“, e.g., whole-genome sequencing, expression profiling or methylome analysis, are meanwhile not only applied in research but also introduced into clinical settings. It constitutes a major task to incorporate all the data into routine medical work. Pathway pathology may help solve this problem. It is based on the realization that diseases are characterized by three essential components: (i) cells of origin/cellular context and (ii) the alteration of cellular as well as (iii) molecular/signal transduction pathways. The concept is illustrated by elaborating on two key cellular pathways, i.e., the cellular senescence of normal cells and the immortality of cancer cells, and by contrasting single cell/single pathway diseases, such as mycoplasma and coughing pneumonia, with complex diseases such as cancer, with multiple cell types as well as multiple affected cellular and signaling pathways. Importantly, the concept of pathway pathology is not just intended to classify disease, but also to conceive new treatment modalities. This article is dedicated to Dr. Leonard Hayflick, who made basic discoveries in pathway pathology not only by identifying cells causing disease (Mycoplasma pneumoniae) and establishing cell strains for treating disease (WI-38 for viral vaccines), but also by first describing cellular senescence and immortality.     

Concrete Constructs: The Limits of Rationalism in Swiss Architecture

Ákos Moravánszky explains why for him ‘the traces of Mediterranean Rationalism in the new Swiss-German architecture are like the imitation stitching on the moulded plastic dashboard of a new car’. It is an influence which, despite the undeniable impact of Aldo Rossi and the Ticino School at ETH Zurich in the 1970s, remains skin-deep, sharing little with the present in terms of ideology or the interpretation of the historic past. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Jan Kaplický (1937-2009): Homage to an Extraordinary Life of Unfulfilled Dreams and Major Successes

Jan Kaplický's visionary work for Future Systems was some of the most imaginative and inspiring of the last few decades. His passion and excitement for architecture exudes through such remarkable forms as the Lord's Media Centre and Selfridges in Birmingham. It was also effectively disseminated through his publications: most notably the For Inspiration Only picture books that he produced for Wiley-Academy in the late 1990s. A staunch believer in the power of books and journals, he was a loyal supporter of AD and an editorial board member for many years; always generous with his time and willing to express his ideas candidly. Here, close friend and fellow Czech architect and writer Ivan Margolius, celebrates not only Kaplicky the architect, but also the extraordinary life and sensibility of the man behind his work. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Review of Picasso's Guernica: The genesis of a painting.

Reviews the book, Picasso's Guernica: The genesis of a painting by Rudolf Arnheim (2006). Guernica, one of the most famous and reproduced paintings of the 20th century, was Pablo Picasso's answer to a commission for the 1937 Paris World's Fair, by the Spanish government in exile. In this book, Rudolf Arnheim, distinguished art historian and Gestalt psychologist, examines the artist's preliminary studies and states of the mural in progress. Picasso numbered and dated his studies, representing "the first time in recorded history an artist has created and carefully catalogued and preserved such extensive series of preparations" (p. 14). From those data Arnheim chronicles the progression of Picasso's "visual thinking"--his stops and starts; reversals and refinements; his attention now to detail, now to the gestalt--as he moved toward the final realization of his assignment to commemorate '...the drama of his fatherland ravished by the fascists" (p. 18). This book is packed with rich insights on art in the context of world events, on the meaning of abstraction in painting, on the artist's oeuvre, and on Picasso the man. Significantly, for the psychology of the creative process, Arnheim advances the notion of artistic creativity as fundamentally a process of problem solving, with Picasso's Guernica as a striking case study. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)