Pd deposited on Cu(110): a highly performant catalyst for the 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation reaction

The catalytic properties, with respect to the 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation reaction, of strained Pd films on Cu(110) (lattice mismatch 8%) has been probed as a function of the film thickness. The characterization of the adlayer has been made by the combined use of STM with LEED and AES. For deposits below 10¹⁵ Pd/cm² (i.e., about 1 ML) the catalytic activity is near zero. This is the consequence of the formation of a Pd–Cu surface alloy with tendency for Cu to migrate/segregate to the surface. The catalytic activity suddenly increases to reach a maximum value for about 3 ML; the activity is then one order of magnitude higher than that of the pure Pd(110) surface. This is the consequence of the presence of a strained Pd overlayer, with Pd surface atoms having very unusual geometry, and hence very peculiar electronic and chemical properties. The catalytic activity then decreases as the Pd coverage is increased, and tends to values near that of the pure Pd(110). Gradual relaxation of the film geometry towards that of the normal fcc Pd structure probably exists.     

The flexible surface or the rigid surface?

In this paper we discuss aspects of the concept described by Somorjai as the flexible surface, and whether some surfaces can be considered to be inflexible, or rigid. We present STM results which appear to manifest both types of behaviour for surfaces, depending on their oxidation state. Copper metal surfaces can be classed as flexible, showing facile reconstruction in the presence of oxygen, whereas an oxidised Pd(110) surface shows no apparent diffusivity, even at 500 K. We go on to show data for a bulk oxide which indicates that sub-stoichiometry in the sample induces an element of flexibility in the surface, especially during reaction with oxygen. Finally, this is related to the direct observation of spillover on model catalysts of Pd nanoparticles supported on TiO₂. It must be recognised that flexibility relates to surface diffusivity and hence length- and time-scales. Surfaces which appear inflexible at short times may be flexible at long times. In relation to catalysis then, surface flexibility depends on the relationship between the time-scale of diffusive events on the surface and the catalytic turnover number.     

天线姿态监控管理系统中管控主机的设计

随着移动网络的发展,电信运营商加强对信号基站的部署,同时特别关注天线的姿态及信号的覆盖情况,需求一种能够提供远程集中管理的系统方案。设计了一种管控主机,能够连接天线姿态传感器获取天线的姿态,同时可以集中管理不同型号的电调,结合天线姿态监控管理系统实现对基站天线姿态的远程监控,使运维人员可以随时随地了解天线姿态情况,给日常运维带来便捷,提高了工作效率。     

迭代立方攻击及其应用

由于种种原因,实际分析中立方攻击通常无法找到相当数量的密钥比特线性表达式,基于迭代的思想,提出了一种迭代立方攻击方法。将其应用于55轮KATAN32算法,实验结果表明较之前的方法,该方法具有更小的数据复杂度和计算复杂度,攻击效果明显。     

基于STM32的嵌入式网络控制器设计

针对目前对终端设备的网络远程控制需求,设计了一种可自适应10/100 Mbit/s网络的嵌入式网络控制器,以实现控制系统中对工业设备、信息家电、移动设备等的远程控制和信息交互。设计了微控制器STM32F107和DP83848以太网PHY芯片的硬件设计方案,详细分析了LwIP嵌入式网络协议栈在STM32F107处理器上的移植过程,以及在μC/OSⅡ实时操作系统上进行网络编程的软件设计过程。实验结果表明,所设计的控制器可以稳定、可靠地实现网络远程控制和信息交互。     

基于WSN的高精度称重式雨量计设计

设计了一种基于ZigBee的高精度称重式雨量计。该雨量计利用称重传感器实现固态和液态降水测量,在组网情况下实现了雨量数据的实时传输。系统以STM32LI51系列ARM控制器、CC2530无线射频芯片为核心,对无线传感器网络中的终端节点、协调器节点的硬件和软件进行了设计。为了修正温度对传感器带来的输出误差,采用BP神经网络片数据进行修正和补偿。整个系统实时性好、精度高,能较好地满足现有气象观测的要求。     

基于STM32平台的CAN总线车载式漏电流数字传感器

介绍一种基于STM32平台的CAN总线车载式漏电流数字传感器的设计。在高精度模拟漏电流传感器的基础上,采用CAN总线进行数据通信,在目前高端的、低功耗、小系统设计处理器Cortex—M3(STM32)上经数字化改进而实现。该漏电流数字传感器经实验验证检测准确、响应快速、数据通信安全可靠,是目前一种先进的车载式漏电流数字传感器。实际使用时,由多个漏电流数字传感器与一台计算机互接,构成一个多点的漏电检测网络,最终实现漏电检测的综合处理。     

基于STM32的多相LED穹形光源控制系统设计

针对工业视觉检测中对光源的照射角度、光源亮度、颜色等调节要求,设计了一种基于STM32的多相LED穹形光源控制系统,给出了系统实现方案及各模块具体实现,实现了光源参数的连续可调控制。     

SOE系统输入卡件的设计

事件顺序记录,即SOE（Sequence of Events）系统可以正确、快速地确定事故故障,迅速处理事故,恢复系统的正常运行。SOE系统中输入卡件的设计,包括卡件的组成及软件模块的设计。产品测试表明,系统接收多点数据信息正确,能够及时准确的反映数据采集的实时数值,并提供报警信息。     

Phosphorus availability from phosphate rock and sewage sludge as influenced by the addition of water soluble phosphate fertilizer

Phosphorus (P) inputs are required for sustainable agricultural production in most acid soils of the tropics and subtropics. Phosphate rocks (PR) and organic materials have been suggested as alternative P sources in these soils. Quantitative information on the P availability from sewage sludge (SL) is scanty. Methods to improve the effectiveness of PR such as partial acidulation and compaction with water-soluble P sources have been recommended. The objective of this greenhouse study was to evaluate the relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) of Florida PR and sewage sludges (irradiated and non-irradiated) applied alone and in mixture with a water-soluble source (triple superphosphate, TSP) at two rates (50 and 150 mg P kg^–1 soil). The ³²P isotope dilution technique was utilised to determine the proportion of P in the plant taken up from the P fertilizer treatments. Wheat was grown on an acid loamy sand Dystric Eutrocrepts and harvested 6 weeks after planting. Results on total P uptake and the RAE of the P fertilizer sources tested indicated that the addition of 50 mg P kg^–1 soil as TSP was adequate in supplying P to the 6-week-old wheat plants as compared to PR and sewage sludge. Intermediate values were obtained for the mixtures. Similar responses were observed for the high P rate. For a given P rate, phosphorus uptake from PR and SL in presence of TSP was higher than P uptake from these sources alone, indicating an enhancement effect of TSP on the effectiveness of these non-readily available sources. With respect to P uptake from PR applied alone, the relative increases in P uptake from PR due to TSP influence were 52 and 67% for the low and high P rates, respectively. The relative increases in P uptake from SL due to TSP when compared to P uptake from SL alone were 102 and 59% for the low and high P rates of application. Application of a water-soluble P fertilizer together with a non-readily available P source shows an enhancement on the P uptake from the non-readily available P source by the wheat plants. In this experiment the estimated enhancement effects are very likely underestimated.