Viscosity of Gaseous Mixtures of HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane)+HFC-32 (Difluoromethane)

This paper reports experimental results for the viscosity of gaseous mixtures of HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane)+HFC-32 (difluoromethane). The measurements were carried out with an oscillating-disk viscometer of the Maxwell type at temperatures from 298.15 to 423.15 K. The viscosity was measured for three mixtures containing 25.00, 52.40, and 74.98 mole% HFC-134a in HFC-32. Experimental results for the viscosity at normal pressures show a minimum as plotted against mole fraction in the higher temperature region, which may be the first experimental observation of the minima for dilute binary gaseous mixtures of HFCs. The viscosity at normal pressures was analyzed with the extended law of corresponding states developed by Kestin et al., and the scaling parameters were obtained for unlike-pair interactions between HFC-32 and HFC-134a. The modified Enskog theory developed by Vesovic and Wakeham was applied to predict the viscosity for the binary gaseous mixtures under pressure. As for the calculation of pseudo-radial distribution functions in mixtures, a method based on the equation of state for hard-sphere fluid mixtures proposed by Carnahan–Starling was applied.     

1模32腔饮料瓶盖模具设计与制造

分析了饮料瓶瓶盖的结构和性能要求，对瓶盖的32腔模具设计了巧妙的脱模结构和稳定的热流道系统，并进行了强度计算论证。且在该模具制造中选用了合适的材料，提供了典型的部件加工工艺。     

差分输入双积分电路在热电阻测温中的应用

针对常规分立双积分AD只能处理单端信号的问题,给出了一种输入和基准电压均支持差分信号的分立差分双积分AD;在热电阻测量中,把热电阻和基准电阻串联同一回路,以基准电阻压降作为基准,对热电阻的压降进行测量,并从软硬件两个方面对常见的误差因素进行对消处理;实验表明,该电路用于PT100测温时,跳字不超过0.1℃,精度可以达到±0.1℃,且对运放型号无特殊要求,是一种低成本、高精度的温度测量方案.     

基于STM32的智能水肥一体化控制系统的设计

为达到灌溉系统中水资源与肥液的最高利用率,设计了一种水肥一体化自动控制控系统,可实现灌溉与施肥的一体化自动控制。基于STM32微控制器,设计了核心控制器,集灌溉算法和施肥算法于一体;同时设计了DO、AI接口,实现对外设的控制与肥液参数的采集;增加SD存储卡,实现对灌区历史数据、概貌历史数据的存储;增加迪文工业串口屏人机交互部分,实现系统数据的显示、设置参数的输入。实验结果表明,基于定时策略与周时钟策略的灌溉控制算法实现了对灌区精确、稳定的灌溉控制,基于增量式PID的施肥控制算法实现了对肥液EC值的精确、快速控制。     

基于EFM32和GSM的智能药盒监测系统设计

针对越来越多长期服药的老年慢性病患者因误服药而发生危险后果的情况,提出了一种基于EFM32和GSM的智能药盒系统的方案.高精度称重传感器输出的信号通过CS1242模块转换后,主控制器EFM32通过UART读取测量值,并通过软件上的算法修正,排除噪声干扰的影响后,将采集的数据通过GSM上传到服务器并获取操作指令,完成与PC端管理平台或移动端的实时互相通信.系统能够有效提醒患者准时服药,且能够监测药品重量变化实现对患者服药的历史统计,在评估患者服药依从性方面有重要意义.     

带有喷气冷却的R32风冷单元式空调机性能实验研究

针对带喷气冷却和不带喷气冷却的R32风冷单元式空调机进行实验研究。研究发现,虽然采用喷气冷却导致系统的冷凝压力较高且系统性能系数降低,但可以有效提高系统制冷量,降低压缩机的排气温度,有效提高系统的可靠性。     

聚丙烯腈基炭纤维的扫描隧道显微镜研究

用扫描隧道显微镜研究聚丙烯腈基炭纤维的表面结构以及经过电化学腐蚀、拉伸试验和高温处理后的表面变化。未处理的纤维表面由沿纤维轴向排列的宽度不等的带状细纤维组成。随着放大倍数增加，表面显得粗糙，细纤维上分布着许多小晶粒，另外，还发现了构面炭纤维的细纤维呈螺旋结构环绕、沿轴向伸长，经电化学腐蚀后，纤维内部仍存在螺旋结构，经过拉伸的炭纤维。在其临近裂的区域里，观察到扩展的孔洞及周围不均匀区。     

场离子-扫描隧道显微镜

由IBM的Binnig和Rohrer发明的扫描隧道显微镜STM是基于与原先的各种表面研究手段完全不同的原理,能直接观察一个个表面原子并能测出每个原子位置上的电子状态的划时代的表面研究装置。STM之所以引起表面科学工作者的注目主要原因是由于它能在极高的空间分辨率(dX/Y～0.1nm,dz～0.01nm)下直接观察表面的原子结构。而且,它不一定需要超高真空条件,而可以在大气或溶液等环境中操作。这是以往任何一种表面研究手段不可能做到的。然而,即使如此,STM也暴露出它的弱点,如操作特性的不稳定性以及操作过程中原子分辨能力的不可控性。很显然主要原因是扫描探针的尖端曲率半径及其稳定性。为了在STM实验中随时监测其扫描探针尖端的原子排列状况,Kuk及Sakurai等人先后设计研制了一种将场离子显微镜FIM和STM组合在一起的复合型场离子-扫描隧道显微境FI-STM。使用这种仪器可以确保在极高的原子分辨的情况下从事STM研究。下面将就FIM的原理、STM的基础、FI-STM的技术细节以及它的应用实例作简单的介绍。     

Pseudo-Pure Fluid Equations of State for the Refrigerant Blends R-410A, R-404A, R-507A, and R-407C

Pseudo-pure fluid equations of state explicit in Helmholtz energy have been developed to permit rapid calculation of the thermodynamic properties of the refrigerant blends R-410A, R-404A, R-507A, and R-407C. The equations were fitted to values calculated from a mixture model developed in previous work for mixtures of R-32, R-125, R-134a, and R-143a. The equations may be used to calculate the single-phase thermodynamic properties of the blends; dew and bubble point properties are calculated with the aid of additional ancillary equations for the saturation pressures. Differences between calculations from the pseudo-pure fluid equations and the full mixture model are on average 0.01%, with all calculations less than 0.1% in density except in the critical region. For the heat capacity and speed of sound, differences are on average 0.1% with maximum differences of 0.5%. Generally, these differences are consistent with the accuracy of available experimental data for the mixtures, and comparisons are given to selected experimental values to verify accuracy estimates. The equations are valid from 200 to 450 K and can be extrapolated to higher temperatures. Computations from the new equations are up to 100 times faster for phase equilibria at a given temperature and 5 times faster for single-phase state points given input conditions of temperature and pressure.