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21.
We succeeded in the fabrication of bonded laser crystals composed of a neodymium-doped YVO4 laser crystal (Nd:YVO4) and its host crystals YVO4 by a newly developed dry etching technique using an argon ion beam. The optical distortion caused by the bonded interface of size 5 mm × 6 mm was estimated to be 0.05λ at 633 nm. From the comparison of laser performance pumped by a laser diode, the bonded crystals could increase the laser output power by nearly twice that of the non-bonded crystals with the same degree of polarization of 99.2%. To analyze the mechanism of the enhanced reduction of the thermal load in the bonded crystals, numerical simulations with a finite-element method were also performed. 相似文献
22.
机械合金化过程中Fe70B30粉末晶粒尺寸和微观应变的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用X射线和电镜研究了Fe_(70)B_(30)粉末经不同时间高能球磨后晶粒尺寸和微观应力的变化。在机械合金化过程中,粉末的X射线衍射谱的宽度随球磨时间的增加逐渐加宽,这是晶粒细化和内部微观应力共同作用的结果。X射线衍射结果表明:随着机械合金化的进行,粉末的晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,球磨初期晶粒尺寸下降较快,经15h球磨,晶粒尺寸为25nm,机械合金化进行到一定时间后晶粒尺寸下降缓慢,80h球磨后晶粒尺寸可达5nm。在机械合金化过程中球磨所造成的微观应变不大,球磨初期粉末的内应力随球磨时间增加而增加,当粉末粒子尺寸很小时,随球磨的进行粉末中的微观应变显著下降。 相似文献
23.
研究了电子束、离子束作用于Al2O3表面时成分的变化,表明无论电子束或离子束都能使Al2O3发生分解,产生导电的元素Al。实验在PHI610·SAM上进行,电子束轰击下(3keV,O.5μA,入射角60°)10s就有元素Al分解出来,2min以后就达到饱和,分解析出量随时间成a(1-e-bt)的关系。离子束轰击下同样发生元素Al的分解,但当Ei>3keV时,由于剥离速率加大,溅射5min时表面Al峰反而比1min时要弱。这时表面Al含量处于分解析出与溅射剥离的动态平衡中。实验还发现了Al2O3的解析与表面成分有关(如碳的含量)。最后讨论电子束与离子束的解析机理。 相似文献
24.
布里奇曼法生长碲镉汞晶体的固液界面形态研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文中综述了布里奇曼法及加速坩埚旋转技术的布里奇曼法生工碲镉汞晶体过程中固液界面形态的研究结果,简单讨论了固液界面形态对组分分布的影响,并将两种技术所得的组分分布结果进行了比较,在分析影响固液界面形态因素的基础上,认为加速坩埚旋转技术是目前改善固液界面形态的有效方法。 相似文献
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27.
Placid Rodriguez 《Bulletin of Materials Science》1996,19(6):857-872
It is well-known that with the appearance of three independent papers by Taylor, Polanyi and Orowan in the year 1934, the concept of crystal dislocations was born. Since then, dislocation theory has had many spectacular successes. It is quite appropriate therefore to be aware of the state of development of this exciting subject, sixty years after its discovery. A flavour for the vast subject of the applications of dislocation mechanisms to real materials is presented by choosing three examples, one each, drawn from metallurgy, physics and electronics. The topic of ‘Strength of metals and alloys’ is the first one, as this is also the author’s area of research. The phenomenon of solidification and crystal growth forms the next topic, especially in view of the seminal contributions made by A R Verma and his school from India. Dislocations play a useful role in the strengthening of solids, but how influential are they in affecting the performance of modern semiconductor devices? In the third example, the interesting and painstaking work done to settle this question is reviewed. Can we regard carbon fibre as thetransistor of dislocation theory? How shall we understand the long-established effects such as corrosion-fatigue, superplasticity and shape memory as well as the electrochemical and electro-mechanical properties of dislocations in semiconductor and non-metallic crystals? Answers to these questions belong to the realms of the future developments in dislocations. The talk is concluded with a discussion of these topics. 相似文献
28.
Sucrose crystallization in thin films (50–55 μm) was studied, using a videomicroscopy technique, at conditions encountered during hard panning processes. No nucleation occurred in unseeded films, while a linear increase in seeded crystals occurred during drying. Crystal growth rate increased with temperature (25–30°C) and with air velocity (2.4–12.5 m/sec), but did not change with varying sucrose concentrations (70–76% w/w) and relative humidities (0–66% at 30°C). FD & C Yellow No. 5 food coloring in the dye form (0.05–0.5 g/100 mL) showed no effects while similar concentrations in the lake form inhibited crystal growth rate. 相似文献
29.
A new microstructure, thornball, of zinc oxide (ZnO) was synthesized by a very simple solid vapor deposition process under lead oxide (PbO) atmosphere. The microthornballs consist of numerous needles, which extend outwards in all directions symmetrically. They have dimensions of 120 μm in diameter, while the average diameter of the needles is about 100-200 nm. The needles on the balls grow along the 〈0 0 0 1〉 orientation and have gradient compositions along radial. Control experiments proved that PbO played an important role in the growth. Additionally, photoluminescence property was observed and provided the evidence that PbO did not deteriorate the optical properties of ZnO thornballs. This kind of microstructures has potential applications in the field of photochemical catalysis. 相似文献
30.
采用高频脉冲电铸工艺制备出了镍钴纳米复合块体材料,利用场发射扫描电镜、能谱和X射线衍射的方法,重点研究了复合块体沉积层的表面形貌、相结构和结晶取向。结果表明.高频率和润湿剂的添加对沉积层的细化有重要影响,高频脉冲电铸能够获得微观组织致密、均匀的复合块体材料。 相似文献