沙特阿美燃气增压站MGS项目无损探伤管理

介绍了沙特阿美燃气增压站master gas system（MGS）二期项目管线等级及其无损探伤要求,对MGS项目无损探伤优缺点进行了分析,综合讨论了阿美MGS项目无损探伤管理,包含资质说明、程序提交、过程管理和阿美项目黄金焊缝。指出无损探伤工作的精细管理对于项目焊接技术质量评价、无损探伤组织管理、项目过程管理具有重要意义,进而为中国企业进入阿美管线项目的实施和程序上的误区避免提供参考和指导。     

Review of 600–2500 kW sized wind turbines and optimization of hub height for maximum wind energy yield realization

The percent increase in energy production with corresponding increase in hub-height for wind energy conversion system (WECS) from different manufacturers was compared in this study. It was seen that an increase of 10 m in hub-height from 40 to 50 m resulted in an increase of 3.17% in energy production for wind turbines from Nordex, while a change of 3.48% from Vestas, and so on. The overall mean increase in energy production was found to be 2.92% while changing the hub-height from 40 to 50 m. Further increase of 10 m in hub-height from 50 to 60 m, showed an increase of 7.55%, 7.90%, 7.88%, 8.25%, 8.14% and 7.75% for WECS from Nordex, Vestas, DeWind, GE, Bonus and Enercon respectively. The overall mean increase in energy production was found to be 7.91% for this change of hub-height from 50 to 60 m. Similarly, an increase of 3.02% in energy production was obtained for an additional of 10 m increase in hub-height i.e. from 70 to 80 m. On the average the maximum increase in energy production of 7.91% was obtained while changing hub-height from 50 to 60 m.     

Feasibility of using ground-coupled condensers in A/C systems

The feasibility of using ground-coupled condensers for air-conditioning (A/C) systems in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been investigated. Temperatures and soil properties required for the performance analysis of one of these condensers were determined experimentally. Thermal response tests were conducted to evaluate the effective thermal conductivity of the ground. The measurements required the installation of a closed loop vertical ground heat exchanger. The results indicated a significant difference between the ambient air and ground temperatures, which would result in an increase in the coefficient of performance and in a reduction in the energy consumption of an A/C unit using a vertical ground heat exchanger rather than an air-cooled condenser. The cost analysis indicated that the use of ground-source heat pumps in Saudi Arabia is not economical at the present time because of low electricity prices and high drilling costs.     

沙特Al Jalamid选矿厂硫酸添加点对磷矿石反浮选作业的影响

对沙特Al Jalamid磷矿石进行了不同加药点添加浓硫酸和捕收剂CCS 502的试验研究,结果表明:在同一加药点同时添加浓硫酸和捕收剂CCS 502,浮选指标较差,精矿回收率和产率偏低;而在第1个搅拌桶内加抑制剂,第2个搅拌桶内加捕收剂,第3个搅拌桶内加硫酸,则可明显改善浮选效果.     

原真·体验·互动——论鲍里斯·米加关于博物馆展览设计的理念

本文通过展览设计师鲍里斯·米加先生在湖南大学建筑学院的讲座,阐述了他在上海世博沙特馆的展览设计中的创意理念和设计手法,并归纳与论述了他的博物馆展览设计理念和经验见解,以及对中国博物馆设计的建议。     

冰箱沙特能效标准换版解析

文章对新版冰箱沙特能效标准的换版执行时间表和新旧版能效标准的差异进行了详细介绍。为冰箱产品出口沙特提供了重要信息支撑。     

Shape grammars as a reverse engineering method for the morphogenesis of architectural façade design

The field of shape grammars spans 47 years, but its potential in the practice and education of art, architecture, and engineering remains far from being utilized. Similarly, while reverse engineering in some engineering disciplines is well-established, its implementation in architectural design remains under-represented. By combining the two domains, this paper develops a novel method that merges the power of shape grammars as a parsing tool in reverse engineering to decode the morphogenesis of visual compositions in architectural design. The merged power is demonstrated by decoding the formal language of a façade design of a case study, in which seemingly few simple rules can derive surprisingly complex compositions. The rules of the language can then be used to reconstruct parts of the case façade. Most shape grammars in the architectural literature are applied on formal historical precedents, but the subject of morphological analysis in this paper is contemporary and has a style that exhibits non-orthogonal configurations, which initially appear far from being standardized or subjected to regulatory tectonic rules. The façade derivation grammar is explained and re-synthesized in various computations to explore emergent articulations that display its predictive, synthetic, and generative powers in addition to typical analytic ones.     

A smarter electricity grid for the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: Perceptions and policy implications

Saudi Arabia aspires to transition toward a smarter electricity grid with increased reliance on renewable energy, where customers will use or produce green energy and where smart meters will enable customers to tailor their behavior and decrease their carbon footprint. The success of the transition is dependent on householder acceptance. This research studies the public's disposition toward a smarter grid. The Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia is taken as a case study through a field questionnaire to assess public knowledge about energy sources and environmental impacts on the environments, people's disposition toward a smarter electric grid, and the main motivations for undergoing this transition. A logit model is used to investigate determinants. Stated willingness is taken as a variable representing an individual's disposition. We found that the public is willing to use green energy, accept smart meters, or become co-producers. However, their fear of unknown technologies and perceptions about their high cost are major obstacles to their adoption. Enhancive knowledge, especially about ecological sensitivity, and governmental incentives will help to win public acceptance. Also, government subsidies that lower prices should be cut and dynamic pricing should be implemented to motivate electricity saving behavior.     

DNA polymorphisms of the lipoprotein lipase gene and their association with coronary artery disease in the saudi population

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major health problem and a major cause of death in most countries. Evidence has been presented that gene polymorphisms (HindIII, PvuII and Ser447Ter) of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) are risk factors of coronary artery disease (CAD).

Aim

Our objective of the present investigation was to determine whether 3 LPL polymorphisms (LPL-HindIII, LPL-PvuII and LPL-Ser447Ter) can be considered as independent risk factors for CAD in the Saudi population.

Methods

We recruited 120 CAD subjects, confirmed angiographically with identical ethnic backgrounds and 65 control subjects. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) technique was used to detect the polymorphisms of the LPL gene.

Results and conclusion

For the HindIII genotype, within the CAD group, the frequencies of the H⁺H⁺ were found in 50.8%, whereas 44.2% carried the H⁻H⁺ genotype, and 5% carried the H⁻H⁻ genotype. Within the control group, the H⁺H⁺ genotype was found in 44.6%, whereas 35.4% carried the H⁻H⁺ genotype, 20% carried the H⁻H⁻ genotype. The odds ratio (OR) of HindIII genotype H⁺H⁺ vs. H⁻H⁻ genotype at 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were 4.6 (1.57–13.2) and p < 0.005, hence showing no significant association with CAD. For the PvuII genotype, within the CAD group the frequencies of the P⁺P⁺ found in 41.7% whereas 43.3.2% carried the P⁻P⁺ genotype, and 15% carried the P⁻P⁻ genotype. Within the control group the P⁺P⁺ was found in 38.5%, 43.0% carried the P⁻P⁺ genotype, and 18.5% carried the P⁻P⁻ genotype. The OR of PvuII genotype P⁺P⁺ vs. P⁻P⁻ genotypes (95% CI) is 1.33 and p = 0.52; hence, it was also insignificant to show association with the disease. For the Ser447Ter genotype, within the CAD group, the frequencies of the C/C found in 83.3%, whereas 16.7% carried the C/G genotype. Within the control group, the C/C was found in 87.7% and 12.3% carried the C/G genotype. We did not get any GG genotypes in control as well as patients for this gene. It can be concluded that C allele of gene masks the presence of G allele in the Saudi population. The OR of CG + GG vs. CC (95% CI) is 1.43 from 0.59 to 3.44 which is insignificant. Hence this gene also has no significant association with CAD in the Saudi population.     

Applications of Thermal Energy Storage in Saudi Arabia

In Saudi Arabia, the heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) system typically accounts for 65% of the total electrical energy consumption in buildings. This is due to a very high ambient temperature which persists for a long period of time in a summer season. Moreover, gas turbines efficiency decrease also with the high ambient temperatures. In the HVAC industry cool storage, or commonly known as Thermal Energy Storage (TES) is the most preferred demand side management (DSM) technology for shifting cooling electrical demand from peak daytime periods to off‐peak night‐time. The most popular and well‐suited TES concept for Saudi Arabia is either chilled water or ice storage system, depending upon the applications and the required storage capacity. This paper shows how TES offers a means of reducing the electrical demand in large commercial buildings. Additionally, it is seen that efficiencies of the air cooled chillers are increased if they run overnight. Similarly efficiencies of gas turbine is also increased when a TES based pre‐cooled air is used as an inlet to the turbine. This paper also discusses favouring conditions and other aspects of cool storage applications in Saudi Arabia. TES economics are considered and a cost analysis is presented to illustrate the potential savings that can be achieved by the use of TES in Saudi Arabia. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.