沙特阿美公司质量管理体系研究及思考

随着越来越多的中国施工企业进入沙特高端市场,成为沙特阿美石油公司的承包商,企业质量管理能力的提升变得十分迫切。沙特阿美石油公司具有完善的质量管理体系,对工程质量要求十分严格。作者根据在沙特地面工程EPC项目工作的经验,对沙特阿美公司质量管理体系的构成、质量管理模式、质量控制运行方式等进行了阐述,并结合中国质量管理的现状,进行了对比和分析,提出了一些看法和建议。     

Toward a sustainable land management of vernacular landscape in the highlands of south‐western Saudi Arabia: indigenous and statutory experiences

The vernacular landscape of the highlands of south‐western Saudi Arabia comprises three distinct elements: natural, agricultural and built. The highlands are currently facing land use planning problems which result in deforestation, despite significant attempts at afforestation by several governmental agencies (especially the Ministry of Agriculture and Water) and by municipal governments in the area. Intentions towards more sustainable forms of land management now characterize official documents. With regard to landscape issues, this is marked by a discourse of sustainable land management and the sponsorship of initiatives addressing the relationship between land management and the environment. This paper demonstrates that the approach to sustainable land management is technical, rational and scientific. A more balanced approach would combine scientific knowledge and practice with traditional expertise.     

Radon

Michael Osbome of the United States Environmental Agency, EPA, and Terry Brennan of Camroden Associates discuss ten of the many daily problems including, inconsistent sub‐slab aggregate, hidden pathways to chimneys, variation in concrete porosity, access to radon entry surfaces, diurnal/seasonal variation in radon concentrations, sealing large thermal by‐passes and coping with direct rock exposure.     

Museum Development in the Gulf: Narrative and Architecture

How might interpretations of the past be informing the culture of tomorrow? Sarina Wakefield , a specialist in heritage and museum development in the Middle East, provides an overview of the form and function of contemporary museums in Qatar, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and the UAE. In so doing, she explores how institutions are drawing on locally specific heritage and cultural objects to develop distinctive identities for an international audience.     

A physically-based flood volume distribution model

An analytically derived distribution model for flood volume is presented. The model is based on water balance computations during a rainstorm at the soil surface. It is applicable for mountainous watersheds with alluvial channels. Three hydrologic processes are considered: precipitation, infiltration, and runoff generation. Rainfall intensity and duration are presented with exponential distributions. They are assumed to be statistically independent. A linear rainfall-runoff relationship is proposed for the mountainous areas. The mountain runoff is regarded as a uniformly distributed water depth on the alluvial channels. The rainfall excess in the alluvial channels is computed to be equal to this depth plus the rainfall depth minus the infiltration losses. Infiltration in the channels is presented with Philip's expression, coupled with an empirical model for the computation of a long-term average value for the soil moisture content. The distribution model is verified through applications for three gauged watersheds in Saudi Arabia: Wadi Liyyah (174 km²), Wadi Turrabah (3720 km²), and Wadi Khulays (5220 km²). The results are found to be in a good agreement with observations.On leave from the Irrigation and Hydraulics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.     

Assessing safety measures in residential buildings in Saudi Arabia

The incidence rate of fire in residential buildings in Saudi Arabia accounts for 69% of all building fires. A field assessment of current safety issues for residential buildings in Saudi Arabia is used to identify common safety deficiencies. The survey showed that most residents are ignorant many safety aspects in their homes. A safety audit checklist for assessing the effectiveness of safety measures in existing residential buildings is also presented. Based on these findings, a number of strategies for designers, local authorities, building owners and residents is suggested.     

Analysis of sectoral energy and exergy use of Saudi Arabia

This paper presents the analysis of sectoral energy and exergy utilization of Saudi Arabia by considering the energy and exergy flows for the 12 years between 1990 and 2001. Sectoral energy and exergy efficiencies are obtained for the subsectors and the devices used in each sector. Energy and exergy flow diagrams for Saudi Arabia are also presented, respectively, to illustrate the situation on how energy and exergy efficiencies vary in each sector. The residential sector appears to be the most energy efficient sector, and the industrial sector to be the most exergy efficient. It is believed that the current methodology is useful for analyzing sectoral energy and exergy utilization, which will help Saudi Arabia with energy savings through energy efficiency and/or energy conservation measures. It is also be helpful to establish standards to facilitate application in various sectors and processes for a sustainable energy planning. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

炼制沙轻—胜利原油常减压塔顶冷换设备的腐蚀

上海石化股份有限公司 2号常减压蒸馏装置 ,自 2 0 0 0年加工沙轻 -胜利高硫混合原油后 ,减顶预冷器EC - 10 4和常顶油气换热器E - 5 0 0 2均因腐蚀而发生泄漏。当加工上述混合原油时 ,其脱后原油盐含量大于 5mg/L ,三顶冷凝水中S2 -含量很高 ,因此减、常顶系统的腐蚀为H2 Cl-H2 S -H2 O型腐蚀。进行破乳剂优化筛选 ,原油合理调配以及选用了 3RE60或 2 2 0 5双相不锈钢管束后 ,腐蚀得到控制     

新型电动机械式打孔器在沙特钻修井中的应用

多年以来,在沙特阿拉伯的很多油井由于井下的设备受到严重腐蚀经常需要进行钻修井作业。在作业中为了井控安全的要求,往往需要在油管上打一个孔作为循环压井液的通道。为了完成在油管上打孔作业,钻修井作业有时会因用传统的机械打孔方法不成功、装运炸药和组织射孔工具花费时间,从而导致生产时效上不经济。本文介绍了一种由沙特阿美公司最新研发的通过钢丝输送的电动机械式打孔器,通过在几口钻修井的应用实例表明打孔成功率达到100%,而且解决了传统的打孔方法所产生的问题。