超宽带SAR子孔径NCS实时成像算法

本文提出了一种适用于超宽带SAR实时成像的子孔径非线性CS(Nonlinear Chirp Scaling)算法,该算法利用方位向信号分量的时间和频率的锁定关系,在时域中互不重叠地划分子孔径,大大降低了系统存储量和运算量的需求,并采用时域加权方法将非重叠子孔径划分造成的假目标抑制到-31dB;此外,将MD自聚焦技术融入子孔径结构中,实现对大孔径复杂运动误差的有效补偿。仿真数据和实际数据验证了该算法的有效性。     

一种特殊构型的双站SAR的CS实现

针对发射机位于地球同步卫星的双站SAR这种新型成像雷达体制,建立了信号的回波模型,并推导了在这一模型下的Chirp Scaling算法实现.通过大场景点阵目标的仿真证明,该算法处理速度快,无需插值即可实现对SAR原始数据的二维匹配滤波操作进而实现良好的SAR图像效果,可适用于高精度发射机位于同步卫星的双站SAR的成像处理.     

Scaling analysis of hydrogen flow with carbon dioxide cushion gas in subsurface heterogeneous porous media

Subsurface hydrogen (H₂) storage in geological formations is of growing interest for decarbonization. However, there is a knowledge gap in understanding the multiphase flow involved in this process, which can have a significant impact on the recovery performance of H₂. Therefore, a full-compositional modeling study was conducted to analyze potential issues and to understand the fundamental hydrodynamic mechanisms of H₂ storage. We performed a range of 2D vertical simulations at the decametre scale with a very fine cell size (0.1 m) to observe the detailed flow behaviour of H₂ with carbon dioxide (CO₂) as cushion gas in various flow regimes. Issues such as viscous instability, capillary bypassing, gas trapping and gravity segregation are analysed here. To generalize our calculations, we have validated and applied the scaling theory in the context of subsurface H₂ storage. Since this study is focused on the hydrodynamic behaviour, three dimensionless groups, including aspect factor, capillary/viscous ratio and gravity/viscous ratio were identified to correlate recovery performance between various scales in a fixed heterogeneous system. It was found that H₂ could infiltrate the cushion gas in the proximity of the injectors, meaning that CO₂ is not displaced away from the injectors in a piston-like fashion. As a result, the purity of the back produced H₂ is much degraded, particularly in a viscous-dominated scenario. On the other hand, the injected H₂ mostly accumulates at the top forming a highly restricted mixing zone with CO₂ in the gravity-dominated case. The recovery performance is therefore much improved in this case. Although the gas distribution can be significantly altered by capillary forces leading to bypassed zones, the recovery performance of H₂ is hardly influenced. This is because the back-produced H₂ recovery is not dependent on the sweep efficiency of the gas. H₂ can be back produced following the same paths which were formed during injection.     

Balancing exploration and exploitation in differential evolution via variable scaling factors: An application to practical problems

Some optimization problems in the field of nuclear engineering, as for example the incore nuclear fuel management and a nuclear reactor core design, are highly multimodal, requiring techniques that overcome local optima, exploring the search space and promoting the exploitation of its most promising areas. The differential evolution algorithm (DE) relies mainly on the mechanism of mutation, where an individual is perturbed using the weighted difference (with the so-called “scaling factor” F) between two randomly chosen individuals. DE's canonical version employs a constant value of F. However, this parameter should be variable in order to balance the exploration and exploitation of the search space. In this work, we test some variable scaling factors from the literature and present the novel exponential scaling factor. These methods are applied to two problems: the aforementioned core design and the turbine balancing problem, which is an NP-hard (i.e. intrinsically harder than those that can be solved in nondeterministic polynomial time) combinatorial optimization problem that can be used to assess the potential of an algorithm to be applied to fuel management optimization. DE with variable scaling factors perform well in both problems, showing potential to be used in other nuclear science and engineering optimization problems.     

Scaling of fracture response in Over-height Compact Tension tests

An experimental investigation into in-plane scaled Over-height Compact Tension (OCT) [45/90/−45/0]_4s carbon/epoxy laminates was carried out to study the scaling of fracture response. The dimensions of the baseline specimens were scaled up and down by a factor of 2. Interrupted tests were carried out for specimens of each size in which the tests were stopped after certain load drops in order to study the failure mechanisms. X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) scanning was applied after the interrupted tests to examine the damage development and its effect on the fracture response. The test results showed that the scaling of the initial propagation of fracture follows Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM), but the development of the damage process zone differs with specimen sizes. The OCT specimens were found to be not large enough to generate a self-similar damage zone during propagation, and so no conclusions could be drawn regarding the R-curve effect.     

基于一类Daubechies小波自相关函数的研究

讨论了一类Daubechies小波自相关函数的基本性质,着重对Daubechies尺度函数的自相关函数的插值分析做了仔细研究,得出了关于Daubechies小波尺度空间中的若干结果,并将其进一步推广.     

微波自动测量线系统与阻抗参数的CAT

根据手动测量的原理，将传统的微波测量线系统进行智能化、自动化和数字化改造，成为由PC机控制，自动测量，数据采集和处理、结果显示的微波CAT（Computer Aided Test）系统，并在此基础上实现了阻抗参数的CAT。     

Discretization of nonlinear systems with delayed multi-input via Taylor series and scaling and squaring technique

An input time delay always exists in practical systems. Analysis of the delay phenomenon in a continuous-time domain is sophisticated. It is appropriate to obtain its corresponding discrete-time model for implementation via digital computers. In this paper a new scheme for the discretization of nonlinear systems using Taylor series expansion and the zero-order hold assumption is proposed. The mathematical structure of the new discretization method is analyzed. On the basis of this structure the sampled-data representation of nonlinear systems with time-delayed multi-input is presented. The delayed multi-input general equation has been derived. In particular, the effect of the time-discretization method on key properties of nonlinear control systems, such as equilibrium properties and asymptotic stability, is examined. Additionally, hybrid discretization schemes that result from a combination of the scaling and squaring technique (SST) with the Taylor series expansion are also proposed, especially under conditions of very low sampling rates. Practical issues associated with the selection of the method’s parameters to meet CPU time and accuracy requirements, are examined as well. A performance of the proposed method is evaluated using a nonlinear system with time delay: maneuvering an automobile.     

Application of atomic force microscopy and scaling analysis of images to predict the effect of current density, temperature and leveling agent on the morphology of electrolytically produced copper

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the morphology of electrodeposited Cu at current densities from 183 to 253 A m⁻². Digital image analysis was employed to parameterize the morphological information encoded in AFM images and to extract information concerning the mechanism of the electrodeposition reaction. It has been shown how the limiting roughness, δ, the critical scaling length, L_c and the aspect ratio, 4δ/L_c, vary as a function of the deposition time and electrodeposition conditions, such as temperature, current density and the amount of organic additives. It has been demonstrated how laboratory experiments of short duration and the scaling analysis of AFM images can be used to predict roughness of the metal sample after 2 weeks of industrial electrorefining.     

油田垢样分析检测方法与应用

以现场垢样为例,提供了一种结垢油井垢样的分析检测方法。即称取一定量的垢样进行干燥、焙烧,以确定该垢样为有机垢样或无机垢样;若该垢样为有机垢样,根据行业标准进行蜡含量、胶质、沥青质含量的测定;若该垢样为无机垢样,进行定性分析后用盐酸溶解,然后根据行业标准进行钙离子、镁离子、铁离子、硫酸根离子以及硅离子含量的检测。该方法对垢样进行快速定性、定量分析,操作简单、快速、误差小。