氯化钙/大球硅胶复合吸附剂的氨吸附研究

以单层分散理论为指导,研究了氯化钙在大球硅胶上的单层分散、氨吸附及吸附稳定性。结果表明,对于焙烧分散法,氯化钙/大球硅胶的适宜焙烧温度为500℃;对于微波分散法,适宜的微波辐射时间是20 min。焙烧样品的单层分散阈值为0.2~0.3 g/g,微波样品的单层分散阈值为0.3~0.4 g/g。将吸附量较大的样品进行比较,在35℃下,担载量为0.4 g/g的焙烧样品氨吸附量为0.35 g/g;担载量0.5 g/g的微波样品氨吸附量为0.41 g/g。微波样品的氨吸附量大于焙烧样品。吸附-脱附循环实验表明,2种分散法所得复合吸附剂同样具有较好的吸附稳定性。     

金属表面席夫碱缓蚀剂自组装膜的制备及性能研究现状

席夫碱是由伯胺与活性羰基缩合而成的含有甲亚胺活性基团-RC=N-的一类有机化合物,能在金属表面发生化学吸附反应而形成结构稳定、排列紧密有序的自组装膜(SAMs);SAMs是一种有缓蚀性能的单分子膜,对基底金属有良好的防腐蚀作用.本文综述了近年来席夫碱类自组装膜的制备方法及自组装膜的表征技术,进一步概述了分子模拟及拓扑结...     

引气剂稳泡机理及其改善混凝土冻融耐久性能的研究

利用膜天平对比了两种引气剂YQJ和改性松香R在空气-水界面的单分子膜的强度，考察了掺加这两种引气剂的新拌混凝土性能和硬化混凝土的冻融耐久性能。结果表明，引气剂在空气-水界面上的单分子膜的强度直接决定了引气剂的稳泡性能。稳泡性能优异的高性能引气剂，可显著提高混凝土的冻融耐久性能。     

点支式玻璃建筑单层索网体系的动力特性分析

点支玻璃建筑单层索网体系是一种几何非线性较强的柔性张拉结构,其刚度受索中预应力影响较大。目前专门针对该结构动力特性方面的研究尚不多见。阐述了索网这种柔性预应力结构动力特性分析的特点,编写了相应的有限元程序,对索网自振特性的重要影响因素即几何非线性和预应力进行了研究,表明忽略几何非线性会使结构计算结果产生极大偏羞。索网的自振频率与预应力呈非线性关系,几何非线性和预应力对索网的自振特性的影响具有协同性。     

冷轧钢表面木薯淀粉接枝共聚物自组装膜的缓蚀性能

目的合成出木薯淀粉-苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝共聚物(CS-PE-MMA)及运用自组装技术形成在柠檬酸中对钢具有良好缓蚀性能的CS-PE-MMA分子膜。方法用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(IR)表征了自组装分子膜的形貌和组成;采用动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究缓蚀性能。结果CS-PE-MMA在冷轧钢表面形成球斑状稳定有序而致密的分子膜。动电位极化曲线表明工作电极阴阳极反应同时被抑制,EIS谱主要呈半圆容抗弧,电荷转移电阻随CS-PE-MMA自组装温度升高,时间增大而增大,缓蚀率最高达73.04%。结论 CS-PE-MMA属于混合抑制型缓蚀剂,自组装分子膜在H3C6H5O7溶液中对冷轧钢有良好的缓蚀作用。     

金电极自组装基因分子膜的制备及电化学检测

采用分子自组装技术制备巯基修饰的基因分子膜修饰金电极,用于竞争式杂交检测黄孢原毛平革菌木素过氧化物酶编码基因。通过差分脉冲伏安法、循环伏安法、交流阻抗法和电流—时间曲线法优化自组装时间和信号探针的最佳响应浓度,研究目标基因的线性检测范围和再生性能。结果表明:修饰金电极最优自组装时间为15 h,信号探针的最佳响应浓度为0.51×10-6 mol/L,目标基因的线性检测范围为7.51×10-12-1.05×10-9 mol/L,检测下限为7.51×10-13 mol/L。该修饰电极具有良好的再生性能。     

(Ti,Al)N单层和TiN/(Ti,Al)N复合涂层的切削性能研究

借助EDX、SEM、强度测试和切削实验研究了采用磁控溅射在硬质合金基体上沉积的(Ti,Al)N单层和TiN/(Ti,Al)N复合涂层的切削性能。研究表明,两种涂层均与基体结合紧密;TiN/(Ti,Al)N复合涂层则表现出更好的切削性能。     

前躯体浸渍法制备VO_x/Al_2O_3及其催化二甲醚制甲醛性能

采用前躯体浸渍法合成了VOx/Al2O3催化剂,并采用XRD、Uv-Vis、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD以及吡啶吸附红外等技术对催化剂材料的结构和性能进行了表征,同时考察了催化剂上二甲醚制备甲醛的反应性能。XRD的测试表明,V的氧化物在载体上处于高度分散状态,没有独立的V2O5晶相峰存在。Uv-Vis的测试表明,前躯体浸渍法制备的催化剂较之常规浸渍法制备的催化剂位于更高波数,因而VOx物种在载体表面的分散更加均一。H2-TPR的结果表明前躯体浸渍法制备的催化剂,相对更加容易还原,催化氧化能力更强。NH3-TPD以及吡啶吸附红外的结果表明前躯体浸渍法制备的催化剂相对具有较少的B酸和较弱的酸性。前躯体浸渍法制备的VOx/Al2O3催化剂在DME选择氧化制备甲醛的过程中,具有更高的甲醛的选择性和收率,选择催化的性能更佳。     

Direct investigations of the interface impedance of organic field-effect transistors with self-assembled-monolayer-modified electrodes

It has been demonstrated that the modification of electrodes with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) reduces the contact resistance and improves the device performances of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). However, it has been difficult to judge if the contact resistance was reduced by the change in the electronic properties or by the change in the morphology of the metal–organic interface caused by the SAM modification because they have been difficult to be separately assessed. We have directly investigated the local impedance and the potential difference at the electrode–channel interfaces of the OFETs with and without modification of the electrodes by a pentafluorobenzenethiol SAM using frequency-modulation scanning impedance microscopy (FM-SIM). The potential profile measurement and the FM-SIM measurement at the interface showed that the improvement of the field-effect mobility in the SAM-modified OFET was caused by the reduction of the energy level mismatch, namely, the hole injection barrier at the source–channel interface, presumably with the reduction of the hole trap sites at the source–channel interface.     

Evaluation of thermodynamic properties using GAB model to describe the desorption process of cocoa beans

The desorption isotherms and thermodynamic properties of cocoa beans were obtained during the drying process of this product. The isotherms were determined by dynamic method for various temperature (25, 35, 45 and 55 °C) and relative humidity (RH) conditions (30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80%). Equilibrium moisture content data were correlated by the Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer (GAB) model, which presented good fit to the data, according to statistical procedures. Equilibrium moisture content ranged from 5.90 to 16.67 d.b.; it increased with an increment in the RH and decreased with increased temperature at a constant RH. Enthalpy values for each model coefficient were encountered, ranging from ?90.05 to 545.96 kJ kg^?1. The integral isosteric heat of desorption and differential entropy increased with decreased equilibrium moisture content, a tendency also found for Gibbs free energy.