页岩中甲烷等温吸附量计算问题及方法改进

研究页岩中甲烷气体的等温吸附规律,是页岩气勘探开发研究的基础工作,近年来的相关研究已经取得了一定成果。然而在众多的吸附曲线实验结果中,异常曲线的数量却占据了相当的比例,部分岩心的等温吸附曲线在高压段下拐,甚至出现负吸附值现象。通过多组等温吸附实验结果分析,认为曲线在高压段下拐是正常现象,但也存在不合适的计算及实验方法,其主要问题包括：计算过程中没有区分绝对吸附量和过剩吸附量的差别,实验中没有考虑吸附相体积的影响,不适当的甲烷自由体积测定方法,以及设备系统误差的影响等。利用Langmuir等温吸附模型,建立了三元Langmuir方程,该模型在给定吸附相密度的情况下,选取甲烷自由体积作为未知参数;利用迭代法或Matlab软件计算自由体积、Langmuir体积和Langmuir压力。基于三元Langmuir模型所计算的甲烷自由体积,与氦气所测自由体积具有良好的可比性,采用该方法能更好地修正以前的曲线异常现象。     

油井水泥膨胀性自修复剂机理研究

固井水泥石微裂缝严重影响层间封隔完整性、缩短油气井寿命,水泥石微裂缝自修复技术是解决这一问题的有效途径。然而,目前对于膨胀性自修复剂机理研究较少,缺乏理论支撑。提出利用填充系数评价水泥石微裂缝自修复效果,建立了膨胀性自修复剂封堵水泥石微裂缝的数学模型,明确了影响水泥石微裂缝自修复效果的主要影响因素。此外,根据巴西劈裂试验,设计了一种简单的、能够定量模拟水泥石微裂缝的方法。利用水泥石微裂缝自封堵评价仪,对自选择修复材料进行自修复评价实验,验证了自修复效果与自修复剂吸液倍率、加量、微裂缝宽度的关系。结果显示,自选择修复材料的遇水自修复临界填充系数为0.473,最大可封堵234 μm微裂缝;遇油自修复临界填充系数为0.490,最大可封堵150μm微裂缝。研究结果为膨胀性自修复剂实现固井水泥石微裂缝自修复奠定了理论基础。      

光探测器芯片小信号等效电路模型的建立

提出了一种光探测器芯片小信号等效电路模型及其建立方法.首先根据光探测器的物理结构确定其等效电路模型,模型考虑了影响光探测器高频性能的主要因素.然后精确测量了光探测器芯片的S参数,通过遗传算法对测量的S参数进行拟合,最终计算出模型的各个参量.在130MHz～20GHz范围内的实验结果表明,模型仿真结果与测量结果相吻合,证明了建模方法的可靠性.该模型有效地模拟了光探测器芯片的高频特性,利用该模型可以对光探测器及相应光电集成器件进行电路级仿真和优化.     

A Time‐Constrained Information Processing Model in Ubiquitous Environments

As pervasive computing is widely adopted and reliable networks are becoming more easily accessible, there is a rapidly growing need to develop a mechanism to analyze and evaluate the performance of ubiquitous environments. This paper presents an information processing model which characterizes a ubiquitous environment where a variety of pieces of information need to be exchanged among devices within a system. The proposed model not only provides analytical tools to evaluate the performance of devices, but also makes it possible to identify key factors in designing a ubiquitous environment. For illustrative purposes, a test bed is constructed and the performance of the system is assessed based on the proposed model.     

古潜山周缘滩坝沉积模式与岩性油藏勘探实践——以南苏丹Melut盆地Ruman地区Galhak组为例

Melut盆地历经了近20年的构造圈闭勘探,目前可钻的剩余构造圈闭已十分有限,为应对储量和产量递减,亟待开展岩性油藏等新领域的探索。基于古地貌恢复、物源体系、单井微相、砂体展布等分析,综合青海湖现代沉积调查结果,提出Ruman潜山周缘白垩系Galhak组发育大型滩坝沉积,建立了潜山隆起周缘型和水下潜山台地型2类沉积模式,认为长轴三角洲前端侧翼的古潜山地貌所造就的高能滨浅湖环境是滩坝沉积的关键控制因素。Galhak组沉积初期,因强烈断层掀斜作用,Ruman潜山短暂露出水面,基岩-长轴三角洲复合供源,发育大型坝砂,单层厚度10～20 m,面积约10 km²;随后,因相对湖平面上升,Ruman潜山没入水下,发育水下潜山台地型滩坝,长轴三角洲单一供源,以大面积薄层滩砂为主,局部发育厚层坝砂。滩坝砂体与上倾尖灭线、下伏Renk组烃源岩、顶板洪泛泥岩、侧向湖相泥岩封隔等配套,形成上倾尖灭、孤立透镜体等类型的岩性圈闭。滩坝沉积的提出有效指导了岩性油藏勘探,部署的多口探井获勘探发现,提升了Ruman地区的储量规模。     

固态13C-NMR法表征渣油沥青质的结构组成

以长庆常压渣油、胜利减压渣油和加拿大减压渣油为原料,研究了正庚烷沥青质的结构及组成,根据固态13C NMR分析结果,计算了沥青质分子的平均结构单元参数,并模拟出了沥青质的结构单元模型。结果表明,沥青质分子由4个左右的结构单元组成,每个结构单元包括5～7个缩合芳香环。沥青质中的饱和碳以环烷碳为主,并包含少量的短烷基侧链,沥青质的n(HS)/n(CS)在16左右。对于平均相对分子质量较大、具有较短烷基侧链和较少取代基的沥青质分子,由核磁共振氢谱计算其结构参数时,采用重油计算过程的假设--芳香环烷基侧链上α位及β位和β位以远的氢/碳比为2(x=y=2)是不合理的,可能会导致计算结果与沥青质的真实结构存在较大的误差。     

典型场景下电波传播特性建模

为了解决某些典型场景(如海上、山区、丘陵、城区)下无法使用已有基础模型来全面表达电波传播特性的问题,建立了一种在典型场景下,基于确定性抛物方程、适用于多个传输场景的统一电波传播模型。把典型场景等效为损耗介质层来求解边界条件,利用Fourier分步步进法得到相应解,然后得到电波在典型场景下的传播损耗,并进行了理论分析和实验验证。结果表明,在不同传输场景下,将统一电波传播模型与Miller-Brown模型、射线追踪模型进行比较,结果较吻合,验证了其正确性。这一结果对建立一种求解典型场景下电波传播衰落问题的统一电波传播模型是有帮助的。     

中国传统价值观对于消费行为影响研究——以上海手机市场为例

This study investigates how traditional Chinese values influence Chinese consumer behavior directly and indirectly through the impact on peoples lifestyles and perceived values. The empirical research is conducted in the context of the mobile phone market in Shanghai. The study establishes measurement scales of Confucian value, lifestyle, and customer perceived value for Chinese market. Relationships of multiple factors are tested in the structural equation model and their impacts on consumer behavior are elaborated. Findings indicate that Confucian values not only have a direct impact on Chinese consumer behavior but also indirectly influence this behavior through impacting peoples lifestyles and perceived values.     

Controller design for a wind farm, considering both power and load aspects

In this paper, a wind farm controller is developed that distributes power references among wind turbines while it reduces their structural loads. The proposed controller is based on a spatially discrete model of the farm, which delivers an approximation of wind speed in the vicinity of each wind turbine. The control algorithm determines the reference signals for each individual wind turbine controller in two scenarios based on low and high wind speed. In low wind speed, the reference signals for rotor speed are adjusted, taking the trade-off between power maximization and load minimization into account. In high wind speed, the power and pitch reference signals are determined while structural loads are minimized. To the best of authors’ knowledge, the proposed dynamical model is a suitable framework for control, since it provides a dynamic structure for behavior of the flow in wind farms. Moreover, the controller has been proven exceptionally useful in solving the problem of both power and load optimization on the basis of this model.     

全自动网络单晶炉系统设计与应用

单晶炉是生产单晶硅的核心设备,其控制系统分析模型的建立有两种方法。一是以单晶直径外形尺寸为目标建立模型;二是以电气控制系统变量为目标建立模型。两种方法均未考虑到单晶生长工艺影响与单晶工艺指标。提出一种以固液交界面热场动态平衡分析为基础的方法,建立单晶炉控制系统变量分析模型,并据此辅以直径形状控制变量的工艺性制约因素考虑...