挤压光纤式电动偏振控制器的设计与研究

论述了利用光纤应力双折射效应研制的挤压式光纤电动偏振控制器的工作原理,并进行了实验验证,分析了输出光偏振态在邦加球上的轨迹及相位延迟量与各通道电压的关系。     

具有宽带稳定偏振拍长的双折射多孔光纤

为降低偏振拍长对波长变化的敏感性,扩大多孔光纤偏振器件的工作带宽,针对一种包层空气孔呈圆形阵列分布的多孔光纤,应用全矢量有限差分光束传播法分析了不同参数的包层结构对偏振拍长及其相对变化率的影响,通过横向伸缩形变在包层中引入特定的非对称结构,这种方法不仅有效降低了偏振拍长的波长敏感性,而且偏振拍长对这些特定包层结构参数的误差微扰不敏感,在1.2~1.7 mm波长范围内,偏振拍长的相对变化率小于±4%,工作带宽达到500 nm,同时包层结构几何参数的误差容限达到0.1 mm量级,较好地兼顾了偏振拍长的宽带稳定性与多孔光纤工艺制作可行性。     

光PM-DQPSK调制格式性能研究

对偏振复用-33%归零-差分正交相移键控(PM-33%RZ-DQPSK)和偏振复用-抑制载波归零-差分正交相移键控(PM-CSRZ-DQPSK)调制格式进行了传输性能仿真,在仿真过程中,分别考虑了光纤系统中的偏振模色散(PMD)、色散(CD)和非线性效应(SPM)三种限制因素。仿真结果表明偏振复用系统比非偏振复用系统更易受到PMD、CD和非线性效应的影响。整体来看,PM-CSRZ-DQPSK调制格式的传输性能比PM-33%RZ-DQPSK更为优秀。     

基于分布式压缩感知的全极化雷达超分辨成像

基于分布式压缩感知理论,提出了一种全极化逆合成孔径雷达超分辨成像算法,联合各极化通道进行超分辨处理.首先,建立全极化信号模型及超分辨字典,利用各极化通道信号的联合稀疏性将全极化超分辨成像建模为最小L2,1范数的优化问题,运用一种快速算法求解该优化问题.由于利用联合稀疏约束,多极化通道联合成像相比于单通道成像能够获得更好的超分辨性能和噪声抑制能力,最终有效提高图像极化融合的效果.同时,采用快速傅里叶变换操作提升了算法的运算效率.基于backhoe的仿真数据实验验证了该算法的优越性.     

宽调谐双折射滤光片最佳透射系统研究

针对普通滤光片通常采用不多于3片组合方式,不能满足特殊测量范围要求的情况,利用单轴晶体的双折射效应及偏光干涉原理来研究双折射滤光片的滤光原理及其参数特性,在综合考虑各种参数的前提下,应用近似理论条件,研究设计了4片组合的石英晶体双折射滤光片,分析了设计滤光片所需要的各个参数,给出了4片组合双折射滤光片的透射曲线。此双折射滤光片的透射光谱具有透射带宽得到很大压窄、次峰的透过率被抑制在8%以下等特点。当它被用在脉冲激光器中时,具有550nm至1200nm的宽调谐范围。可以知道,设计滤光片的关键是各个参数的选取,利用法布里-珀罗干涉仪可以压窄光谱线宽。     

永磁式电磁流量传感器及其信号处理

采用永磁体励磁方式制成的电磁流量传感器,既保持了传统线圈励磁电磁流量计的不易堵塞、无压损等优点,又简化了电磁流量传感器的结构,降低了制造成本,并可充分发挥永磁体励磁方式的功耗低、响应速度快等优点。同时,引入了动态反馈控制的方法来消除电极信号中的极化电压,从而使永磁体励磁的电磁流量计应用于一般导电性流体的测量成为可能。     

Mechanical Properties of Robust Ultrathin Silk Fibroin Films

Robust ultrathin multilayer films of silk fibroin were fabricated by spin coating and spin‐assisted layer‐by‐layer assembly and their mechanical properties were studied both in tensile and compression modes for the first time. The ultrathin films were characterized by a high elastic modulus of 6–8 GPa (after treatment with methanol) with the ultimate tensile strength reaching 100 MPa. The superior toughness is also many times higher than that usually observed for conventional polymer composites (328 kJ m^–3 for the silk material studied here versus typical values of < 100 kJ m^–3). These outstanding properties are suggested to be caused by the gradual development of the self‐reinforcing microstructure of highly crystalline β‐sheets, serving as reinforcing fillers and physical crosslinks, a process that is well known for bulk silk materials but it is demonstrated here to occur in ultrathin films as well, despite their limited dimensions. However, the confined state within films thinner than the lengths of the extended domains causes a significantly reduced elasticity which should be considered in the design of nanosized films from silk materials. Such regenerated silk fibroin films with outstanding mechanical strength have potential applications in microscale biodevices, biocompatible implants, and synthetic coatings for artificial skin.     

大功率半导体激光列阵单光纤耦合技术

利用阶梯反射镜整形技术和偏振合束及波长合束技术成功将两只波长为808nm和两只波长为980nm的40W大功率半导体激光器光束进行混合,最后得到输出功率为95.8W、耦合效率为60%的双波长大功率半导体激光列阵单光纤耦合模块,光纤芯径为400μm,数值孔径为0.22.     

Effect of voltage sweep direction on the performance evaluation of P3HT : PCBM solar cells

Investigations on the effect of direction of voltage sweeps, on the current density–voltage (J–V) characteristics in polymer bulk‐heterojunction solar cells, based on the blend of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl [6,6] C₆₁ butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), are reported with time. On the freshly prepared device, the direction of the voltage sweep did not have any effect; however, as the device started degrading, the change in direction of the voltage sweep resulted into different characteristics. Analysis beyond complete degradation, when all the photovoltaic parameters reduced to zero, revealed some interesting results. The J–V characteristics, measured with voltage sweep from −ve to +ve voltage, both in the dark and under illumination, were observed to pass through the second quadrant. On the other hand, with the change in the direction of voltage sweep, viz. from +ve to −ve voltage, the characteristics both in the dark and under illumination passed through the fourth quadrant. These results have been explained on the basis of polarization of the degraded active layer due to applied external voltage. This is an important effect and is observed to depend on the applied voltages during performance evaluation and becomes more prominent with time. This effect puts a question mark on the correctness of the method for calculation of the parameters of a degraded device. Studies on degradation of P3HT : PCBM solar cells showed that both the short circuit current density (J_sc) and the power conversion efficiency (η) decay exponentially, whereas the open circuit voltage (V_oc) decays almost linearly with time. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Corrosion of aluminium in soft drinks

The corrosion of aluminium (A1) in several brands of soft drinks (cola- and citrate-based drinks) has been studied, using an electrochemical method, namely potentiodynamic polarization. The results show that the corrosion of A1 in soft drinks is a very slow, time-dependent and complex process, strongly influenced by the passivation, complexation and adsorption processes. The corrosion of A1 in these drinks occurs principally due to the presence of acids: citric acid in citrate-based drinks and orthophosphoric acid in cola-based drinks. The corrosion rate of A1 rose with an increase in the acidity of soft drinks, i.e. with increase of the content of total acids. The corrosion rates are much higher in the cola-based drinks than those in citrate-based drinks, due to the facts that: (1) orthophosphoric acid is more corrosive to A1 than is citric acid, (2) a quite different passive oxide layer (with different properties) is formed on A1, depending on whether the drink is cola or citrate based. The method of potentiodynamic polarization was shown as being very suitable for the study of corrosion of A1 in soft drinks, especially if it is combined with some non-electrochemical method, e.g. graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS).