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11.
Unconrolled agglomeration of particles and adhesion of the particulate mass to wall surfaces are common severe problems in many drying operations. This paper reviews the mechanisms of interparticle and particle-surface attraction as well as the theory and the existing tests for characterising powders in terms of internal strength, wall friction and adhesion. The usefulness of the information obtained from these tests in dryer design and operation is critically reviewed. The importance of powder stickiness in various types of dryers is discussed and established methods of combating the problem are presented Recommendations an made for further research in the area of powder cohesion and adhesion. 相似文献
12.
二硫代磷酸硫化氧钼与硫,磷添加剂的复配特性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了二烷基二硫代磷酸硫化氧钼(MoDTP)摩擦改进剂及其与硫、磷、硫-磷型添加剂复合的抗磨减摩性能。试验表明,经过适当复配后,这类合活性元素的添加剂对MoDTP的抗磨减摩性能均有增效作用,同一类型添加剂的活性愈高,增效作用愈显著。同时利用扫描电镜和X-射线能谱仪进行摩擦副表面膜的形貌照相及元素分析,对复合作用的机理进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
13.
In this study, a new surfactant-solvent system was described for the preparation of periodic stripe patterns of zeolite A on solid substrates. The evaporation induced self-assembly of zeolite A particles was due to the stick-slip dynamics of the three-phase contact line of the colloid solutions in acetone containing 10% (v/v) poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) fluid (2 cst.). In order to investigate the possible effects of particle size and the particle concentration on the stick-slip dynamics, three types of zeolite A samples with different particle sizes (zeolite A-I: 250-500 nm, zeolite A-II: 100-250 nm and zeolite A-III: 0-100 nm) were utilized to prepare 0.007-0.06% (w/v) colloidal dispersions. Zeolite A micropatterns were self-assembled on the surface of glass, high density polyethylene (HDPE) and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) substrates, which were placed vertically inside the colloid solutions and held against the wall of the cylindrical vial during the evaporation of acetone. The stripe patterns of zeolite A particles were analyzed with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and optical microscope. The widths of microstripes and the distance between the stripes were found as 2-20 μm and 40-60 μm respectively depending on the particle concentration. By using the stick-slip dynamics of colloids, the linear micropatterns of zeolite A nanocrystals were prepared with low cost and low energy. 相似文献
14.
M. M. I. HAMMOUDA I. G. EL-BATANONY H. E. M. SALLAM 《Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures》2003,26(7):627-639
An understanding into the macro kinetic and kinematic behaviour of fretted surfaces is provided. Making use of a modified version of a previously developed in‐house two‐dimensional elastic–plastic finite element analysis numerically simulates flat contact pad fretting fatigue tests. Basic macro mechanics concepts are adopted to idealise two bodies with rough contact surfaces and loaded at two different sites with arbitrary axial loading profiles. A time scale factor is devised to recognise the earliest candidate out of the events possibly accommodated at each loading increment. The present analysis utilises a relevant experimental set up developed in the Structural Integrity Research Institute of the University of Sheffield as an application. Computational results accurate to within 1.2% and corresponding to one contact pad span and six constant normal loads acting individually with four amplitudes of two sinusoidal axial load cycles are presented. The present computations include (1) the development of the global and local normal and tangential reactions and relative sliding displacement acting along the fretting surfaces and (2) contact pad deformation, generated stress fields and plasticity development within the neighbouring region of the fretted area. 相似文献
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摩擦诱发高铬铸铁相变的透射电镜研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用透射电子显微镜研究了高铬铸铁在摩擦过程中的显微组织变化。结果表明:奥氏体基体在摩擦应力的作用下发生相变。摩擦表面形成α‘M。次表层形成γ与α’M共存区;γ与.ε共存区;γ位错丛聚区。 相似文献
18.
针对坦克水平向炮控伺服系统中存在的摩擦不确定因素及未建模动态,首先建立水平向炮控伺服系统的数学模型,将摩擦扰动和未建模动态视为一个综合扰动项,然后利用扩张状态观测器对综合扰动项进行观测和补偿,并将扩张状态观测器(ESO)补偿回路作为经典PID控制方法的内回路,实现ESO-PID的复合控制;最后对所用方法进行仿真,结果表明,在原有控制方法的基础上设计控制器,集合了PID控制算法的"被动抗扰"和自抗扰控制方法中扩张状态观测器的"主动抗扰"特性,能够在保持控制系统原有特性的基础上大幅度提高炮控系统的稳定精度以及低速性能。 相似文献
19.
Transport phenomena studies on single phase “model” fluids are of limited value in biochemical engineering if they cannot be translated to the heterogeneous systems encountered in real fermentation processes. In this paper we discuss the utility of polymer solutions as models of filamentous fermentation broths for evaluation of: pipeline friction factors and impeller power numbers (turbine and helical ribbon). To a first approximation, polymer solutions can serve as suitable models for the prediction of laminar flow pressure drop in pipelines and turbulent power consumption in stirred tanks. However, results obtained on polymer solutions do not directly apply to filamentous fermentation broths for predictions of laminar flow impeller power consumption and the transition point for turbulent flow in stirred tanks. These discrepancies are believed to result from the existence of a time dependent yield stress in filamentous fermentation broths. 相似文献
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