Lanthanum-Magnesium and Lanthanum-Manganese Donor-Acceptor-Codoped Semiconducting Barium Titanate

BaTiO₃ powder doped with La donor and codoped with Mn or Mg acceptor was sintered at 1350°C/1 h in air. For Ladoped BaTiO₃, the room-temperature resistivity decreased to a minimum at [La³⁺] ∼ 0.15 mol%. For La-Mn-codoped BaTiO₃, the minimum resistivity occurred at [La³⁺] - 2[Mn²⁺] ∼ 0.15 mol%. When the ceramic was changed to a fine-grained insulator by high donor doping ([La³⁺] >0.15 mol%), its semiconductivity was restored, and the relatively homogeneous, coarse-grained microstructure recurred by codoping with either Mg or Mn acceptor, with the transition at [La³⁺] - 2[Mg²⁺] = 0.15 mol% or [La³⁺] - 2[Mn²⁺] = 0.15 mol%. The analogy of a compensation effect between La-Mn- and La-Mg-codoped BaTiO₃ suggested that Mn acceptor added to BaTiO₃ exists as Mn²⁺ ion in the bulk grain region; its influence on the positive temperature coefficient of resistivity behavior is then discussed.     

超重力反应结晶法纳米碳酸钙浆料及粉料的表面处理

研究了脂肪酸盐A、水溶性铁酸酯偶联剂B（B1)以及铁酸酯偶联剂C对新型超重力反应结晶法所得的纳米CaCO3浆料及粉料的湿法表面处理的配方与工艺，确定了A体系的最佳改性时间为30～40min、改性温度为40～50℃、改性剂用量(质量分数)为3%～5％；B(B1)体系搅拌强度必须很高，改性时间30～40min，改性温度80℃左右，改性剂用量(质量分数)3％～5％；C体系的最佳改性时间为30～40min，改性剂用量(质量分数)为3％～5％。同时，采用红外光谱对改性前后的纳米碳酸钙进行了表征，表明改性刑已连接至CaCO3表面。最后，用分散稳定模型简要分析了改性机理。     

Amphoteric water‐soluble copolymer for barium titanate slurries. I. Synthesis and dispersing ability

An amphoteric water‐soluble copolymer, polyacrylamide/[α‐N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐(3‐(β‐carboxylate)acrylamino)propyl] ammonium ethanate (PAM/DAE) was synthesized and used as a dispersion agent for BaTiO₃ particles. PAM/DAE was prepared from acrylamide and [α‐N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐(3‐(β‐carboxylate)acrylamino)propyl] ammonium ethanate in a basic condition through a free‐radical polymerization. The structure of this copolymer was verified by IR and ¹H‐NMR spectra. The dispersing effects of PAM/DAE were examined by measuring the viscosity and sedimentation of BaTiO₃ suspensions, and by analyzing the particle size. The results indicate that this copolymer could uniformly disperse the particles, and the resulting suspensions were less viscous, more stabilized, and contained powder with smaller particle size. The dispersing/stabilizing ability of PAM/DAE is close to, or slightly better than, that of a commercial dispersant, ammonium salt of poly(methacrylic acid). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1443–1450, 2005     

Fabrication of NiO Nanoparticle-Coated Lead Zirconate Titanate Powders by the Heterogeneous Precipitation Method

NiO nanoparticle-coated lead zirconate titanate (PZT) powders are successfully fabricated by the heterogeneous precipitation method using PZT, Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O, and NH₄HCO₃ as the starting materials. The amorphous NiCO₃·2Ni(OH)₂·2H₂O are uniformly coated on the surface of PZT particles. XRD analysis and the selected-area diffraction (SAD) pattern indicate that the amorphous coating layer is crystallized to NiO after being calcined at 400°C for 2 h. TEM images show that the NiO particles of ∼8 nm are spherical and weakly agglomerated. The thickness of the nanocrystalline NiO coating layer on the surface of PZT particle is ∼30 nm.     

过量TiO2助烧剂对Ba0.998La0.002TiO3陶瓷晶粒生长的影响

采用电性能测定和微观结构分析等方法研究了过量TiO2助烧剂对Ba0.998La0.002TiO3陶瓷晶粒生长的影响.结果表明:对于Ba0.998La0.002TiO3陶瓷在有液相参与烧结的晶粒溶解-淀析过程中,晶粒生长的必要条件是不仅要有液相的形成,而且BaTiO3晶粒必须在液相中有一定的溶解度.由于BaTiO3晶粒在Ba6Ti17O40和Ba2TiSi2O8液相中有足够的溶解度,促进了晶粒的生长,同时旌主掺杂离子进入晶格而释放氧,形成半导性的陶瓷,而BaTiO3晶粒不能溶解于Ba2Ti2SiP2O13液相中,抑制了晶粒的生长.     

双层推板式PTC隧道窑及其控制过程

针对目前工业化大生产Ｔｃ＝１２０，２４０℃等ＰＴＣ陶瓷，以其烧结机理和典型的烧成曲线为依据，设计建造出双层推板式电脑控制隧道窑，通过半年多生产实践表明：只要选择适当的配方，能够满足大规模连续生产的要求，其窑温控制精度在±２℃内，产品合格率大于９０％；日产量达１．８片左右（片子尺寸为２５×１５×２．８ｍｍ）；其正常消耗功率为３０ｋＷ左右吡同类窑节约１／４－１／３能源。     

降温速率对Ba0.92Ca0.08TiO3 PTCR陶瓷室温电阻率"反常"现象的影响

通过系统研究烧结工艺对BaO92Ca0.08TiO3电阻正温度系数(possitive temperature coefficient resistance，PTCR)陶瓷的影响，在晶粒生长过程中分析液相在晶界中的分布。着重研究降温速率对PTCR室温电阻率的影响。发现在1300～1150℃温区内，当降温速率大于15℃／min时，出现随降温速率增加，室温电阻率增大的“反常”现象。根据液相在晶界区分布随降温速率的变化规律，对这种“反常”进行解释。     

负载钛酸酯催化剂催化合成己二酸二异辛酯

聚乙烯醇与四氯化钛在二甲基亚砜和无水乙醇的混合溶剂中反应，制得负载钛酸酯催化剂PVAC-1，用红外光谱对其进行了表征。结果表明：合成中投入3g聚乙烯醇，3mL四氯化钛时，过程容易控制，且催化剂的活性已达很高。确定了在PVAC-1催化作用下，合成己二酸二异辛酯的最佳反应条件及结果：即200℃～210℃下，加入0.3g催化剂，0．1mol己二酸与0．3mol异辛醇反应60min后，己二酸的转化率可达99．7％，PVAC-1重复使用16次后，己二酸的转化率仍保持在96％以匕。     

SHS of mineral-like ceramics for immobilization of radioactive nuclear wastes

Synthetic analogs of titanate ceramics (perovskite and zirconolite) designed for use as a matrix for immobilization of high-level nuclear fuel reprocessing wastes (HLW). Such ceramics have been prepared by SHS method from a mixture of titanate ceramics and non-radioactive model oxides. Synthesis conditions have been optimized. The synthesized low-porosity cylindrical compacts exhibited a high strength and low rate for leaching Cs, Sr, Y, Ce, and La in bidistilled water. The phase composition and microstructure of synthesized products have been characterized. The immobilization of Cs was found to be accompanied by a marked loss of this element. The text was submitted by the authors in English.