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W. Ming F. Melis R. D. van de Grampel L. van Ravenstein M. Tian R. van der Linde 《Progress in Organic Coatings》2003,48(2-4):316-321
Self-stratification strategy can be used to prepare films in which both bulk and surface properties can be optimized. By using this approach, only a very small quantity of fluorinated species is needed to generate a surface with low surface energy. When cross-linking is involved during film formation, we are dealing with a competition behavior between the diffusion of fluorinated species and the formation of cross-linked network. In this study low surface energy polymeric films were prepared on the basis of partially fluorinated polyisocyanates, in combination with hydroxyl-end-capped three-armed solventless liquid oligoesters and modified hyperbranched polyesters. At a fluorine concentration of only 0.5 wt.%, contact angles of water and hexadecane can reach 120° and 80°, respectively. A surface energy as low as 10–15 mN/m can be obtained upon the addition of less than 1 wt.% of fluorine in the films. It was shown, from real time ATR-FTIR and contact angle measurements, that the curing temperatures demonstrated significant effects on the cross-linking rate as well as on the wettability of the films. 相似文献
44.
Experimental investigation of natural convection from a horizontal ice surface melting in pure water
Byung-Ha Kim Seung-Hwan Cho Kap-Jong Riu 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》1991,5(2):93-103
A study on natural convection from a horizontal ice surface melting in pure water was conducted experimentally for the ambient
water temperature from 2▿C to 10°C. Natural convection flow around upward-or downward-facing horizontal ice plate was divided
into three regions according to the temperature variation of ambient water. The flow patterns of three regions were no flow,
two-dimensional steady laminar flow and unsteady flow. Mean Nusselt number for the upward-facing surface had its maximum value
at about 3°C of ambient water temperature. However, in the case of the downward-facing surface it increased as the ambient
water temperature increased. 相似文献
45.
海湾战争中,“爱国者”导弹成功地拦截了“飞毛腿”导弹,给近程地对地战术导弹的作用、发展与装备方向提出了值得思考的问题。本文着重讨论在局部战争中,近程地对地战术导弹的作用、使用场合及其技术发展方向。 相似文献
46.
G. Agostinelli A. Delabie P. Vitanov Z. Alexieva H.F.W. Dekkers S. De Wolf G. Beaucarne 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》2006,90(18-19):3438-3443
Surface recombination velocities as low as 10 cm/s have been obtained by treated atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 layers on p-type CZ silicon wafers. Low surface recombination is achieved by means of field induced surface passivation due to a high density of negative charges stored at the interface. In comparison to a diffused back surface field, an external field source allows for higher band bending, that is, a better performance. While this process yields state of the art results, it is not suited for large-scale production. Preliminary results on an industrially viable, alternative process based on a pseudo-binary system containing Al2O3 are presented, too. With this process, surface recombination velocities of 500–1000 cm/s have been attained on mc-Si wafers. 相似文献
47.
A new curvature technique calculation for surface tension contribution in PLIC-VOF method 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The volume of fluid (VOF) methods have been used for numerous numerical simulations. Among these techniques used to define
the moving interface, the piecewise linear interface reconstruction (PLIC-VOF) is one of the most accurate. A study of the
superficial tension impact on two-phase flow with free surface is presented. A new method based on direct staggered grid is
developped to include surface tension in PLIC-VOF. The new numerical curvature calculation method doesn't need smoothed colour
function and leads to less “spurious current”. This technique is applied to the calculus of surface tension force in the case
of the rise of air bubble in viscous liquid and the fall of liquid drop in the same liquid on free surface. Droplets, thin
layer and capillarity waves are observed after the free surface rupture for different Bond number. The influence of surface
tension calculus is then obvioused and when the drop hit the free surface, wavelets propagate toward the virtual boundaries
imposed. 相似文献
48.
通过改变高速车削淬火钢(Cr12)的切削用量,对切削力、切削温度、加工表面质量等进行了研究,结果表明合理选择切削用量,高速硬车削淬火钢可显著提高生产率及加工表面质量,并在一定程度上可取代磨削加工。 相似文献
49.
For environmental considerations, the substitution of the conventionally used oil-based grinding fluids has nowadays become strongly recommended. Although several alternatives have been proposed, cryogenic cooling by liquid nitrogen is the non-polluting coolant that has been given relatively more attention because of its very low temperature. In this investigation, in order to contribute to developing this promising cooling mode, its beneficial effects on the ground surface integrity of the AISI 304 stainless steel and their consequences on the fatigue lifetime are explored. Results of this investigation show that grinding under cryogenic cooling mode generates surfaces with lower roughness, less defects, higher work hardening and less tensile residual stresses than those obtained on surfaces ground under oil-based grinding fluid. These surface enhancements result into substantial improvements in the fatigue behaviour of components ground under this cooling mode. An increasing rate of almost 15% of the endurance limit at 2 × 106 cycles could be realized. SEM analyses of the fatigue fracture surfaces have shown that the fatigue cracks observed on the specimens ground under cryogenic cooling are shorter (i.e., 30-50 μm) than those generated under oil-based cooling mode (i.e., 150-200 μm). The realized improvements in the surface integrity and in the fatigue behaviour are thought to be related to the reduction of the grinding zone temperature observed under cryogenic cooling, as no significant differences between the grinding force components for both cooling modes have been observed. 相似文献
50.
非接触型光外差轮廓仪 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文介绍一种纳米级非接触型高精度光外差轮廓仪,它是基于普通光路的光外差干涉仪。工件表面被两束有微小频差的激光束所照射,其中一束经聚焦后用作测量光探针来扫描工件表面,另一束则用作参考光束。两束光经表面反射后产生干涉。测量信号和参考信号的相位差与表面的微不平值成正比。仪器的横向分辨率为2μm,高度分辨率为1 nm,它不需要对试样作大范围的调整,且可用试样自身作参考面。信号经光电转换后由微型计算机进行处理,它能快速完成测量、计算、显示及打印出各种参数和曲线。 相似文献