微胶囊阻燃剂处理ABS的阻燃机理

用三聚氰胺-甲醛预聚物对CuO、Al(OH)3、Al2O3进行包覆制得微胶囊阻燃剂。采用热重分析、锥形量热分析研究添加阻燃剂的ABS的热解行为,从热量释放、烟气、CO和CO2排放等参数表征其阻燃性能,并用Kissinger方程计算ABS的动力学参数热解活化能的变化。结果表明,CuO微胶囊处理ABS热解反应活化能升高,阻燃主要在于CuO微胶囊提高了ABS热稳定性;Al(OH)3微胶囊主要通过脱水吸热对抑制发烟量效果明显;Al2O3微胶囊对ABS的热解具有催化成炭作用,使材料的热解活化能大大降低。     

Type 2 Transglutaminase in Coeliac Disease: A Key Player in Pathogenesis,Diagnosis and Therapy

Type 2 transglutaminase (TG2) is the main autoantigen in coeliac disease (CD), a widespread inflammatory enteropathy caused by the ingestion of gluten-containing cereals in genetically predisposed individuals. As a consequence, serum antibodies to TG2 represent a very useful marker in CD diagnosis. However, TG2 is also an important player in CD pathogenesis, for its ability to deamidate some Gln residues of gluten peptides, which become more immunogenic in CD intestinal mucosa. Given the importance of TG2 enzymatic activities in CD, several studies have sought to discover specific and potent inhibitors that could be employed in new therapeutical approaches for CD, as alternatives to a lifelong gluten-free diet. In this review, we summarise all the aspects regarding TG2 involvement in CD, including its enzymatic reactions in pathogenesis, the role of anti-TG2 antibodies in disease management, and the exploration of recent strategies to reduce deamidation or to use transamidation to detoxify gluten.     

利用固相反应法制备的石榴石结构的Li7La3Zr2O12粉体的形成机制

The formation mechanisms of garnet-like Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) phase using LiOH?H2O as raw materials are investigated symmetrically by XRD and DTA/TG measurements. It was found that reaction mechanisms of the LLZO formation are as follows: 7Li2O 3La2O3 4ZrO2=2Li7La3Zr2O12 The production of LLZO phase takes place at about 680oC observed from the XRD patterns, in agreement with the thermic peak at 700oC in DTA/TG curves, which arises from the formation of LZZO phase. The stable existence temperature range of LLZO phase is wide, from 720 to 1000oC. However, LLZO is thermally unstable at the high temperatures (>1000oC) due to a serious loss of lithium element, and it discomposes into pyrochlore phase La2Zr2O7. And the amount of the decomposed products increased, and LLZO decreased gradually with the increase of the calcination temperature. When the reactant mixture was calcined at the low temperature, the produced phases were identified to be lanthanum compounds because La2O3 absorbs moisture and CO2 very easily. The chemical reactions at lower temperature are mainly related with the reactions among lanthanum compounds. LLZO powder was synthesized by solid state reaction at 800℃. It is found that the LLZO crystal belongs to the tetragonal symmetry. SEM observations show that the obtained LLZO powder was nano-sized.     

Ignition mechanism of flammable dust and dust mixtures: An insight through thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetry analysis

Understanding flame propagation mechanism and thermal behavior of flammable dusts is of crucial importance, since they strongly affect the flammability and explosion parameters. In a previous work, we found that the volatile point of anthraquinone/nicotinic acid mixtures can be lower than the one of the pure dusts, suggesting a synergistic effect. In this work, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analyses of anthraquinone/niacin mixtures were carried out both in open and closed cup, to explain the observed synergistic behavior. FTIR analysis on solid residue and evolved gaseous species showed that the mixtures change compositions during the thermal treatment, without undergoing any chemical transformation. The thermal behavior of dust mixtures reveals the presence of a eutectic point, resulting in a volatiles production at lower temperature and accelerating the flame propagation.     

高磷铁矿直接还原动力学研究

通过TG,应用非等温法和等温法研究高磷铁矿直接还原的动力学规律,为工业试验提供理论依据。高磷铁矿直接还原分三个阶段进行,相界面反应、一维扩散、二维扩散。主体反应阶段是一维扩散。动力学方程、表观活化能和指前因子在等温和非等温法研究直接还原动力学中的结果一致。     

D-柠檬烯对大鼠酒精性肝损伤脂质代谢紊乱的影响

探讨D-柠檬烯（D-limonene）对大鼠酒精性肝损伤脂质代谢紊乱的保护作用及可能作用机制,利用持续酒精灌胃的方法建立大鼠酒精肝损伤模型,分为A、B、C、D、E、F、G共7 组。A组为空白对照组,每日给予蒸馏水灌胃,前2 周8 mL/（kg·d）,后4 周12 mL/（kg·d）;B组为酒精模型组,每日灌胃体积分数为50%的乙醇,前2 周8 mL/（kg·d）,后4 周12 mL/（kg·d）;C、D、E组分别为D-柠檬烯低、中、高剂量组,每日分别灌胃D-柠檬烯100、200、400 mL/（kg·d）,其中D-柠檬烯与A、B组等量的50%的乙醇混合后灌胃;F组为水和D-柠檬烯空白高剂量组,每日给予D-柠檬烯400 mL/（kg·d）;G组为甘利欣药物对照组,灌胃量200 mL/（kg·d）。HE染色和电镜观察肝组织形态结构和肝组织超微结构的变化,测定血清谷丙转氨酶（alanine transaminase,ALT）、谷草转氨酶（aspartate transaminase,AST）、碱性磷酸酶（phosoporic acid,ALP）、胆碱酯酶（cholinesterase,CHE）、甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、胆固醇（cholesterol,CHO）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low densitylipoprotein-cholesterol,LDL-C）水平。结果电镜下观察到A组肝细胞结构正常,核呈圆形或椭圆,线粒体形态正常。B组肝细胞次级溶酶体数量增加,线粒体形状不规则,脂滴多。C组可见少量脂滴,高尔基体正常,线粒体清楚。D组少量脂滴,胆小管有内容物,线粒体正常。E组线粒体高尔基体正常,少量脂滴,核圆。F组细胞器无异常,少量脂滴。G组少量脂滴,偶见溶酶,体线粒体正常。B组大鼠血清ALT、AST、ALP、CHE、TG、CHO、LDL-C均高于空白对照组,差异显著（P＜0.05）;F组大鼠血清所测各指标与空白对照组无明显差异;而D-柠檬烯低、中、高剂量干预组和酒精模型组比较,血清所测各指标水平均有不同程度地降低,其中D-柠檬烯中、高剂量干预组血清所测各指标水平明显低于酒精模型组,差异显著（P＜0.05）。结论：过量酒精摄入引起的肝组织超微结构病理损伤与升高血清ALP、CHE、ALT、AST、TG、CHO、LDL-C水平,在D-柠檬烯干预下有所减轻和降低。因此,D-柠檬烯可调节过量酒精摄入造成的脂质代谢紊乱。     

水提板栗壳色素的热分析研究

以水为溶剂从板栗壳中提取得到板栗壳色素CSPⅡ,采用热重、热重-红外联用及差示扫描量热法对板栗壳色素进行热分析研究.结果表明：板栗壳色素在220℃以下是相对稳定的,仅释放出少量的吸附水;在220～400 ℃之间发生强烈的热裂解反应,分解出大量的水、二氧化碳及醇类化合物等挥发性小分子化合物.     

1H NMR,thermal, and conductivity studies on PVAc based gel polymer electrolytes

The lithium‐ion conducting gel polymer electrolytes (GPE), PVAc‐DMF‐LiClO₄ of various compositions have been prepared by solution casting technique. ¹H NMR results reveal the existence of DMF in the gel polymer electrolytes at ambient temperature. Structure and surface morphology characterization have been studied by X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. Thermal and conductivity behavior of polymer‐ and plasticizer‐salt complexes have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), TG/DTA, and impedance spectroscopy results. XRD and SEM analyses indicate the amorphous nature of the gel polymer‐salt complex. DSC measurements show a decrease in T_g with the increase in DMF concentrations. The thermal stability of the PVAc : DMF : LiClO₄ gel polymer electrolytes has been found to be in the range of (30–60°C). The dc conductivity of gel polymer electrolytes, obtained from impedance spectra, has been found to vary between 7.6 × 10^?7 and 4.1 × 10^?4 S cm^?1 at 303 K depending on the concentration of DMF (10–20 wt %) in the polymer electrolytes. The temperature dependence of conductivity of the polymer electrolyte complexes appears to obey the VTF behavior. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

气相色谱和热重技术应用于模拟蒸馏的研究进展

针对油料，特别是煤焦油普通蒸馏存在的耗地长、样品量大、过程污染严重等弊端，评述了气相色谱、热重技术于模拟蒸馏方面的研究进展，旨在探索焦油模拟蒸馏的快速、简捷、准确的实用方法。     

Application of a novel halogen‐free intumescent flame retardant for acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene

A novel intumescent flame retardant (IFR), containing ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and poly(tetramethylene terephthalamide) (PA4T), was prepared to flame‐retard acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS). The flame retardation of the IFR/ABS composite was characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL‐94 test. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and TGA coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG‐FTIR) were carried out to study the thermal degradation behavior of the composite and look for the mechanism of the flame‐retarded action. The morphology of the char obtained after combustion of the composite was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It has been found the intumescent flame retardant showed good flame retardancy, with the LOI value of the PA4T/APP/ABS (7.5/22.5/70) system increasing from 18.5 to 30% and passing UL‐94 V‐1 rating. Meanwhile, the TGA and TG‐FTIR work indicated that PA4T could be effective as a carbonization agent and there was some reaction between PA4T and APP, leading to some crosslinked and high temperature stable material formed, which probably effectively promoted the flame retardancy of ABS. Moreover, it was revealed that uniform and compact intumescent char layer was formed after combustion of the intumescent flame‐retarded ABS composite. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012