废聚苯乙烯综合利用的研究——PSF粘合剂的制备

本论文以TG和TDA等热分析方法研究各种溶剂对PSF粘合剂粘接效果的影响,实验结果指出乙酸乙酯的改性效果明显地优于各种非极性的有机溶剂。     

Thermal Analysis Studies on the Slow‐Propagation Tungsten Type Delay Composition System

Thermal analysis techniques were applied to investigate the reaction characteristics of a slow‐propagation tungsten type delay composition system by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). The ingredients of the delay composition were tungsten, barium chromate, potassium perchlorate, diatomaceous earth, and Viton. A formula of delay composition with a weight percentage of W/BaCrO₄/KClO₄/D. E./Viton=27 : 54 : 11 : 6 : 2 has been used in a self‐destruction mechanism of fuse, which was set as the original formula. In the first place, the reaction heat and weight loss for different compositions without Viton were measured during the reaction. The influence of each ingredient of the formula on the reaction system was analyzed from these experimental results. Afterward Viton was added in the samples of experiment to measure and analyze the influence of Viton on the reaction system. Finally, 28 experimental formulas of delay composition were designed on the condition that the weight percentage of Viton was kept constant and the maximum variation of weight percentage of all the others was limited within 20%. The delay compositions of various formulas were granulated and then the variations of reaction characteristics were measured to analyze the influence of weight variation of each ingredient on reaction characteristics. The results of this study are very important and useful for improving the self‐destruction mechanism of fuse.     

Gasification of diosgenin solid waste for hydrogen production in supercritical water

The potential of diosgenin solid waste (DSW) to be a proper feedstock for hydrogen production from supercritical water gasification was assessed through thermodynamic analysis and experimental study. The thermodynamic analysis of DSW gasification in SCW was performed by Aspen Plus software based on the principle of minimum Gibbs free energy. The effects of temperature (500–650 °C), flow ratio of feedstock slurry to preheated water on the gasification were studied. K₂CO₃ and black liquor were used to catalyze the gasification of DSW. The morphological structures of DSW and residue char were characterized by SEM. The results showed that DSW was almost completely gasified at 650 °C without catalyst and the carbon gasification efficiency reached up to 98.55%. K₂CO₃ could significantly promote the gasification reactivity of DSW at a lower temperature. H₂ yield was remarkably improved by adding black liquor. The SEM analysis indicated that parts of the organic matters reacted to form gases and liquid products, and K₂CO₃ was found to migrate into the residue char during the reactions.     

Effects of Minerals on the Release of Nitrogen Species from Anthracite

Abstract

Experiments have been carried out to investigate the effects of minerals on nitrogen species emission including NO and its precursors from a high rank coal during temperature-programmed combustion by TG/EGA method at 10°C/min. Sodium was found to be an excellent catalyst for the reduction of NO and HCN evolution due to its higher catalysis of sodium on the char-NO reaction. However, iron can induce an increase of NO release. Calcium and titanium additives can be classified as inactive constituents because of their weak catalysis on HCN and NO emission. All the metallic additives can promote NH₃ emission except sodium. Parent coal has higher fractions of nitrogen release as NO and NH₃ and lower fraction of nitrogen release as HCN than demineralized coal, which can be attributed to the catalysis of indigenous minerals in parent coal.     

Synthesis and characterization of aspartate polymer complexes

Oligomeric polyester, namely poly(tetramethylene asparate) (PTMA), was synthesized From D ,L ‐aspartic acid and 1,4‐butanediol by a melt codensation technique. Polyester–metal complexes were synthesized by the reaction of PTMA with hydrated acetates of Fe(III), Pd(IV), and UO₂(II) in DMSO. The polyester–metal complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, UV–Vis, IR spectral studies, magnetic susceptibility measurements and ¹H‐NMR. Mossbauer spectra of mixed samples of Pd‐PTMA and Fe(II)‐PTMA with a ratio of 1 : 2 mol showed the iron(III) oxide formed in early stages of the decomposition at 250°C is mainly fine‐grained and as the temperature is increased, well‐crystalline hematic is formed. Above 250°C, the Mossbauer spectrum showed the typical six‐line pattern of magnetically oriented Fe(III) oxide, but at 800°C, the spectrum showed quadrupole interaction characteristic of PdFe₂O₄ spinel. The metal ions were found to be six—coordinated with two water molecules as additional ligands besides oxygen and nitrogen atoms of polyester repeating units. Thermogravimetric analysis (DTA‐TG) showed that co‐ordination polymers are thermally more stable than polyester; the activation parameters for both decomposition steps were calculated and discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 942–947, 2004     

利用固相反应法制备的石榴石结构的Li7La3Zr2O12粉体的形成机制

The formation mechanisms of garnet-like Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) phase using LiOH?H2O as raw materials are investigated symmetrically by XRD and DTA/TG measurements. It was found that reaction mechanisms of the LLZO formation are as follows: 7Li2O 3La2O3 4ZrO2=2Li7La3Zr2O12 The production of LLZO phase takes place at about 680oC observed from the XRD patterns, in agreement with the thermic peak at 700oC in DTA/TG curves, which arises from the formation of LZZO phase. The stable existence temperature range of LLZO phase is wide, from 720 to 1000oC. However, LLZO is thermally unstable at the high temperatures (>1000oC) due to a serious loss of lithium element, and it discomposes into pyrochlore phase La2Zr2O7. And the amount of the decomposed products increased, and LLZO decreased gradually with the increase of the calcination temperature. When the reactant mixture was calcined at the low temperature, the produced phases were identified to be lanthanum compounds because La2O3 absorbs moisture and CO2 very easily. The chemical reactions at lower temperature are mainly related with the reactions among lanthanum compounds. LLZO powder was synthesized by solid state reaction at 800℃. It is found that the LLZO crystal belongs to the tetragonal symmetry. SEM observations show that the obtained LLZO powder was nano-sized.     

矿仓硫精矿自燃的表观活化能(英文)

为了判定储存在矿仓内的硫精矿是否存在自燃危险性,从冬瓜山铜矿矿仓采集了不同类型的3种矿样(高硫精矿、硫铁精矿、硫铜精矿)。利用同步TG-DTG-DSC分析技术对3种矿样在升温速率分别为5、10、15、20和25℃/min的条件下,在空气气氛中的化学反应过程进行深入研究。利用DTG曲线上的峰值温度,将每种矿样的反应过程划分为不同阶段,基于Ozawa-Flynn-Wall方法求得相应区间的表观活化能。结果表明:每种矿样的反应过程相当复杂,求得的表观活化能随着反应温度区间的不同而发生改变,从室温到800℃,3种矿样在各个反应阶段的活化能为36～160kJ/mol;高硫精矿与硫铁精矿在150℃以下的表观活化能较铜精矿的低,因此在室温条件下高硫精矿与硫铁精矿更容易引发自燃。     

国产代森锰锌的鉴定及其热稳定性的研究

测定了3个国产优质代森锰锌产品的X-射线粉末衍射图.3个产品的最强谱线和JCPDS卡片记录的数据相符;较弱的某些谱线可用于确定产品的生产厂.进行了这些产品的热分析(TG,DSC),比较了它们的热稳定性优劣.建议用升温速度为1℃/min时热分析曲线上的外推始点温度Te,1来表征代森锰锌的热稳定性.还确定了用热重法(TG)的TTG,e,1比用差示扫描量热法(DSC)的TDSC,e,1对产品的热稳定性有更高的鉴别能力.     

红外与热失重结合解析酚醛复合材料的成分

通过红外与热重结合使用的方法来研究热固性复合材料在空气气氛下的热降解过程,由此来推断树脂基复合材料的成分及含量,例如对一酚醛复合材料分析结果为酚醛含量为43%左右,有机纤维为13%左右、硅灰石42%左右,这一方法需经多次验证。     

高比表面积氢氧化锆的制备

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备高比表面积氢氧化锆样品.利用BET比表面积测试,系统地研究了超声分散、陈化条件、干燥温度及反应温度等制备条件对氢氧化锆样品比表面积的影响.试验表明:采用溶胶-凝胶法可以制得比表面积较高的氢氧化锆样品,最佳制备工艺参数为:反应温度为60 ℃;超声振荡周期为1:3;超声分散的时间为15 min;陈化温度为60 ℃;陈化时间为30 min;干燥温度为100 ℃.