农药有机废水COD与TOC关系的研究

针对农药厂高、中、低浓度的三类废水,测定其COD与TOC,并对测定值进行一元线性回归分析。结果表明,有机物成分稳定的废水不管浓度高低其COD与TOC均具有显著的相关性,可以建立相应的回归模型,模型计算值与测定值相对偏差小于5%。     

煤系烃源岩有机碳含量测井响应特征与定量预测模型

煤系地层富含有机岩石,导致测井响应特征复杂。以实测TOC含量数据为基础,分析了煤系烃源岩中煤岩、炭质泥岩和泥岩有机碳含量的测井响应特征,发现电阻率、声波时差、自然伽马、密度和中子孔隙度等测井参数与有机碳含量相关性较高,并基于此建立了针对不同岩性煤系烃源岩有机碳含量计算模型,即多元回归模型和Δlog R模型。结合研究层段,分别建立了一元、二元、五元线性回归模型及重叠法模型,进行TOC含量计算并做了误差分析。结果表明：五元回归模型的计算误差最小,但在没有实测TOC含量数据层段计算误差较大;重叠法计算误差最大,但其整个层段的TOC含量预测值更符合岩性特征。煤系地层有机碳预测研究旨在为后续煤系烃源岩综合评价提供参考。     

石油烃降解菌的初筛及其降解性能研究

本文以柴油和石蜡混合物为碳源,利用液体培养基富集培养石油烃类降解菌。得到的菌液通过DCIP显色实验和原油模拟降解实验初步筛选出13株降解菌菌株,并经过分子生物学的鉴定大部分为不动杆菌属和假单胞菌属。经过摇瓶培养后,HY-3、G6和8号菌对于COD和TOC的去除效果较好,并通过和活性污泥复配后发现8号菌能够有效提升SBR系统的生物处理能力,COD去除率达到90%以上。     

Composition and characterization of simulated putrescible garbage

The composition and characterization of liquidised garbage (LG) during liquidisation process were carried out to access various properties, viz., moisture, organics, ash, elemental composition, suspension stability, flow characteristics, higher heating value (HHV), glucose and total organic carbon (TOC) for getting preliminary information about liquidisation as a pre-treatment process for anaerobic digestion of simulated garbage (SG). Minimum moisture and maximum organic content were found as 750 and 850 g kg⁻¹, respectively. From elemental analysis, C/N ratio obtained was suitable for the growth of microbes. The HHV of dried solid phase for LG at 393 K was higher than that of mechanically ground garbage (MEC). The LG was regarded as a pseudo plastic liquid from values of flow behaviour index obtained. The amount of glucose was found to be decreased during liquidisation process. The amount of TOC in both solid and liquid phase of LG was more as compared to MEC.     

Multivariate analysis of anionic, cationic and nonionic textile surfactant degradation with the H(2)O(2)/UV-C process by using the capabilities of response surface methodology

Anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants being frequently employed in the textile preparation process were subjected to H(2)O(2)/UV-C treatment. As a consequence of the considerable number of parameters affecting the H(2)O(2)/UV-C process, an experimental design methodology was used to mathematically describe and optimize the single and combined influences of the critical process variables treatment time, initial H(2)O(2)concentration and chemical oxygen demand (COD) on parent pollutant (surfactant) as well as organic carbon (COD and total organic carbon (TOC)) removal efficiencies. Multivariate analysis was based on two different photochemical treatment targets; (i) full oxidation/complete treatment of the surfactants or, alternatively, (ii) partial oxidation/pretreatment of the surfactants to comply with the legislative discharge requirements. According to the established polynomial regression models, the process independent variables "treatment time" (exerting a positive effect) and "initial COD content" (exerting a negative effect) played more significant roles in surfactant photodegradation than the process variable "initial H(2)O(2) concentration" under the studied experimental conditions.     

TOC determination of Gadvan Formation in South Pars Gas field, using artificial intelligent systems and geochemical data

Potentially, TOC content is affected by logging data in a source rock (density, sonic, neutron and resistivity logs). Hence, to analyze these logs, which we make a quick and reliable assessment of a source rock. So, it is a quick and economically cheaper method rather than direct geochemical analysis. A source rock interval poses to less density, lower velocity, higher sonic porosity, higher gamma ray values and increase in resistivity. In this research, Gadvan Formation was studied in two boreholes as potential of source rock. The log data of two wells were used to construct of intelligent models in a source rock of the South Pars Gas field in southwest of Iran. A suite of geophysical logs (neutron, density, sonic and resistivity logs) and cutting chip data samples data were applied for determining TOC content of this formation. Rock-Eval pyrolysis data reveal that Gadvan Formation is poor source rock (less than 0.5%). Hence we attempted a correlation between geophysical data and direct TOC content measurements of using ? Log R, Rock-Eval, neural network and fuzzy logic techniques.The results showed that intelligent models were successful for prediction of TOC content from conventional well logs data. Meanwhile, similar responses from other different intelligent methods indicated that their validity for solving complex problems.     

基于超声测试的页岩岩石物理特征分析

针对中国东北通化地区页岩层理的发育特点,根据两个方向的三轴压缩实验和纵、横波速度测试,分析了页岩弹性模量、泊松比和纵横波速度在不同方向的变化规律。实验数据分析表明：不同围压条件下页岩各向异性参数ε与γ间存在线性相关性,应用线性回归建立的经验公式可为二者相互预测或测试提供参考;有利储层岩样的各向异性程度明显大于不利储层;随着围压的增高,纵、横波速度均增大,ε和γ均减小;页岩的纵横波速度比与密度呈正相关,因而与总有机碳含量（TOC）呈负相关,高TOC有利储层的纵横波速度比明显小于1.7,而低TOC的非有利储层纵横波速度比均高于该值,可作为区分不利储层的标志;平行于层理方向的页岩弹性模量随着孔隙度的增高而变大,垂直于层理方向的弹性模量随着孔隙度的增高而减小,可为页岩脆性和甜点地震定量预测提供依据。     

Biodegradation of total organic carbons (TOC) in Jordanian petroleum sludge

Biodegradation is cost-effective, environmentally friendly treatment for oily contaminated sites by the use of microorganisms. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to establish the performance of bacterial isolates in degradation of organic compounds contained in oily sludge from the Jordanian Oil Refinery plant. As a result of the laboratory screening, three natural bacterial consortia capable of degrading total organic carbons (TOC) were prepared from isolates enriched from the oil sludge. Experiments were conducted in Erlenmeyer flasks under aerobic conditions, with TOC removal percentage varied from 0.3 to 28% depending on consortia type and concentration. Consortia 7B and 13B exhibited the highest TOC removal percentage of 28 and 22%, respectively, before nutrient addition. TOC removal rate was enhanced after addition of nutrients to incubated flasks. The highest TOC reduction (43%) was estimated after addition of combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur to consortia 7B.

A significant variation (P < 0.005) was obser0ved between the effect of consortia type and concentration on TOC% reduction. No significant variation was observed between incubation at 10 and 18 days in TOC% reduction. This is the first report concerning biological treatment of TOC by bacteria isolated from the oil refinery plants, where it lays the ground for full integrated studies recommended for the degradation of organic compounds that assist in solving sludge problems.     

Impact of support media in an integrated biofilter-submerged membrane system

The impact of a support material on an integrated biofilter-membrane system, simulating a difficult-to-treat surface water, was examined in terms of membrane fouling rate and water quality parameters. The support media in the membrane tanks did not generally affect any of the water quality parameters measured; however, there was an observable difference in the membrane fouling rates between the two processes with the support media system fouling at least two times slower than the non-support system. Total organic carbon (TOC) removals at around 60% were observed for two integrated biofilter-immersed membrane processes with the majority of the TOC removal occurring in the biofilters. One of the membrane tanks contained a support media (Process A) while the other did not (Process B). The feedwater contained humic acid (65% w/w) and readily biodegradable carbons (35% w/w) in the forms of acetic acid, formic acid and formaldehyde. The influent TOC values were between 3.35 and 3.94 mg/L. Acetate removals varied between 66 and 83%, while over 90% of the formate was removed and the formaldehyde was completely removed in the biofilters. There was a decrease in the UV absorbance values by over 70% for both processes.     

在线总有机碳分析应用于清洁验证的可行性研究

探讨在线总有机碳（TOC）分析在清洁验证中的应用。方法：在线TOC分析方法经验证后,结合具体设计方案进行在线总有机碳在清洁验证中的实证研究。结论：在线TOC分析在清洁验证中应用具有可行性,能够在为企业节约成本的同时提升产品质量。