网络媒体发展中的信息安全问题探讨

现代信息化的技术的进步给我们的社会生活带来的很大帮助,而网络媒体就是信息化技术的一个产物,它能迅速成为市场的一大宠儿,不仅有着他自身独有的优势和特点,还有与之相适应的外部条件,传统媒体在某些方面已经不能适应现代产业的发展,人们正在寻求一种迅速、容量大的传播方式,于是网络媒体的出现众望所归。但是由于我国的网络媒体的出现时间尚短,难免有着这样那样的问题,随着网络媒体为越来越多的人所接受,其问题也更加严重,尤其是传播不良的信息荼毒青少年的思想健康,网络受到黑客、病毒的侵袭,网上传播虚假信息、盗窃数据库资料等等,信息安全问题突出,这些问题越来越受到全世界的关注,成为全球共同注意的事情。     

2011年12月计算机病毒疫情分析

根据国家计算机病毒应急处理中心对互联网的监测,2011年12月计算机病毒整体感染情况呈平稳态势,主要传播途径仍以＂网络钓鱼＂和＂网页挂马＂为主。     

Human DDX3X Unwinds Japanese Encephalitis and Zika Viral 5′ Terminal Regions

Flavivirus genus includes many deadly viruses such as the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). The 5′ terminal regions (TR) of flaviviruses interact with human proteins and such interactions are critical for viral replication. One of the human proteins identified to interact with the 5′ TR of JEV is the DEAD-box helicase, DDX3X. In this study, we in vitro transcribed the 5′ TR of JEV and demonstrated its direct interaction with recombinant DDX3X (K_d of 1.66 ± 0.21 µM) using microscale thermophoresis (MST). Due to the proposed structural similarities of 5′ and 3′ TRs of flaviviruses, we investigated if the ZIKV 5′ TR could also interact with human DDX3X. Our MST studies suggested that DDX3X recognizes ZIKV 5′ TR with a K_d of 7.05 ± 0.75 µM. Next, we performed helicase assays that suggested that the binding of DDX3X leads to the unwinding of JEV and ZIKV 5′ TRs. Overall, our data indicate, for the first time, that DDX3X can directly bind and unwind in vitro transcribed flaviviral TRs. In summary, our work indicates that DDX3X could be further explored as a therapeutic target to inhibit Flaviviral replication     

Lipid Droplet Motility Increases Following Viral Immune Stimulation

Lipid droplets (LDs) have traditionally been thought of as solely lipid storage compartments for cells; however, in the last decade, they have emerged as critical organelles in health and disease. LDs are highly dynamic within cells, and their movement is critical in organelle–organelle interactions. Their dynamics are known to change during cellular stress or nutrient deprivation; however, their movement during pathogen infections, especially at very early timepoints, is under-researched. This study aimed to track LD dynamics in vitro, in an astrocytic model of infection. Cells were either stimulated with a dsRNA viral mimic, poly I:C, or infected with the RNA virus, Zika virus. Individual LDs within infected cells were analysed to determine displacement and speed, and average LD characteristics for multiple individual cells calculated. Both LD displacement and mean speed were significantly enhanced in stimulated cells over a time course of infection with an increase seen as early as 2 h post-infection. With the emerging role for LDs during innate host responses, understanding their dynamics is critical to elucidate how these organelles influence the outcome of viral infection.     

Pre-Senescence Induction in Hepatoma Cells Favors Hepatitis C Virus Replication and Can Be Used in Exploring Antiviral Potential of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors

Recent evidence suggests that fibrotic liver injury in patients with chronic hepatitis C correlates with cellular senescence in damaged liver tissue. However, it is still unclear how senescence can affect replication of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). In this work, we report that an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6, palbociclib, not only induced in hepatoma cells a pre-senescent cellular phenotype, including G1 arrest in the cell cycle, but also accelerated viral replicon multiplication. Importantly, suppression of HCV replication by direct acting antivirals (DAAs) was barely affected by pre-senescence induction, and vice versa, the antiviral activities of host-targeting agents (HTAs), such as inhibitors of human histone deacetylases (HDACi), produced a wide range of reactions—from a dramatic reduction to a noticeable increase. It is very likely that under conditions of the G1 arrest in the cell cycle, HDACi exhibit their actual antiviral potency, since their inherent anticancer activity that complicates the interpretation of test results is minimized.     

口蹄疫病毒WFL株2C-P3-3′NCR片段的克隆及适于设计siRNA的序列分析

目的筛选出口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)基因组上适于设计siRNA的基因片段。方法以FMDV WFL株RNA为模板,用3′RACE法扩增出2C-P3-3′NCR序列,将PCR扩增片段克隆到pMD18-T载体上,转化E.coli DH5α,筛选阳性重组子,进行序列测定,并与参考毒株序列比较。结果扩增的基因片段大小为4033bp,其2C、P3和3′NCR序列的核苷酸序列与参考毒株的同源性分别为87·11%～94·23%、84·91%～96·66%和66·98%～82·35%,2C和P3与参考毒株的氨基酸同源性分别为94·97%～99·39%和91·84%～98·55%,WFL株P3基因的第1150～1270、1680～1840和2080～2490bp以及2C基因的第354～470bp范围内与参考毒株具有高度保守的特性。因此,可以依据siRNA设计原则,在这4个区域内筛选抑制效果好的siRNA。结论成功克隆了FMDV WFL株2C-P3-3′NCR基因的序列,并筛选出4个适于设计siRNA的基因区段。     

甲型肝炎病毒(L-A-1株)基因型分析

目的 分析甲肝病毒基因型,为确定我国甲肝的分子流行病学及疫苗的安全性和免疫原性奠定基础。方法 采用抗原捕获聚合酶链反应（AC/PCR）,依据国际上甲肝病毒分型标准,扩增VP1/2A结合处的168个核苦酸（nt2909～3264）。结果 经生物信息学软件分析,得出L-A-1株病毒属于甲肝病毒基因IB亚型。结论 在我国有IA和IB两个亚型甲肝病毒流行。     

应用免疫策略对蒙脱石HIV DNA疫苗免疫作用的研究

目的运用Prime—Boost策略,研究蒙脱石(MMT)DAN疫苗对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法选用3H-TdR掺入法测定MMT和DNA联合免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖反应;采用ELISA试剂盒检测血清中的抗体和细胞因子。结果使用痘苗病毒和/或加入MMT加强免疫DNA疫苗后,均可以提高其体液和细胞免疫功能。结论“Prime-boost-boost”免疫方案在小动物模型中取得了较好的免疫效果。     

丙型肝炎病毒多表位基因核酸疫苗的构建及其免疫原性

目的构建丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)多表位基因的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(-)-CtEm,用该重组质粒免疫BALB/c小鼠,并检测其免疫原性。方法用BamHⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切含有HCVC区、E2区模拟表位和NS3~NS5区细胞表位串联基因的原核表达载体pQE30-CtEm,克隆入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(-),脂质体瞬时转染CHO细胞,并检测其表达。以100μg重组质粒免疫BALB/c小鼠,检测其体液免疫和细胞免疫效果。结果所构建的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(-)-CtEm在CHO细胞中能获得有效表达。该质粒免疫小鼠后可诱导高水平的抗体,特异性淋巴细胞增殖反应、IFN-γ水平及CTL活性均明显高于空载体和生理盐水对照组。结论已成功构建HCV多表位基因的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(-)-CtEm,免疫小鼠后可诱导特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫应答。     

中国狂犬病毒疫苗株CTN-1-V三个代次的GP基因序列分析

目的分析三个代次CTN-1-V病毒株糖蛋白(GP)基因部分序列,并与代表性街毒株进行比较。方法利用RTPCR反应,从感染了CTN-1-V病毒的小鼠脑内获得GPcDNA的部分片段,并进行序列测定。结果三个代次的CTN-1-V病毒株GPcDNA序列的690个核苷酸与代表性狂犬病毒GP核苷酸相应序列同源性为83.2%～96.8%,氨基酸序列同源性为90.0%～97.4%。CTN1V株三代之间的核苷酸序列几乎相同。结论CTN1V株在传代过程中GP基因结构基本稳定,与中国流行的代表性街毒株的同源性高于aG株和PV株。