A continuous/discrete simulation of controlled atmosphere (CA) cool storage systems: evaluation of plant performance/design and product quality evolution

In this paper, a controlled atmosphere storage model, developed earlier, is validated using an industrial CA cool storage facility with stepwise product loading strategy. The proposed combined continuous and discrete CA cool storage simulation model was able to represent the step response transients and continuous events, with accuracy less than the observed variability or at best with accuracy level as set by the measurement instrument. Moreover, the handling of discrete/continuous events enabled the implementation of practical operational procedures and to investigate their implication on plant performance/design and directly on the product quality. The model is a valid working model for design and optimization of CA cool storage facilities both with respect to plant performance and final quality of the stored product.     

单相电源供电时三相感应电动机瞬态仿真研究

对三相感应电动机由单相电源供电和用电容器作为相平衡器的瞬态行为进行仿真分析。为了得到瞬态特性，根据三相感应电动机在A、B、C相坐标系下的动态数学模型和推导出三相定子绕组端电压约束条件，编写计算机仿真程序，通过实例对Y接法的三相感应电动机由单相电源供电和用电容器作为相平衡器时的瞬态过程进行仿真计算，对仿真结果进行分析；用对称分量法分析了电动机对称运行时需要满足的条件，并由此初步计算电容的数值，然后通过计算机仿真较准确地加以确定。     

异步电动机电容补偿起动过程的仿真研究

为了得到三相异步电动机电容补偿起动过程的运行特性，建立了三相异步电动机电容补偿起动系统在α—β坐标系下的数学模型，模型中考虑了转子参数随转速变化的因素。通过实例对三相笼型异步电动机的电容补偿起动过程进行仿真计算。仿真结果表明，异步电动机采用电容补偿起动，可以降低起动电流，提高电机起动转矩，缩短起动时间，是一种具有实际应用价值的起动方法。     

电力系统结构保持模型相关不稳定平衡点方法的判别算法研究

概述了现有基于结构保持模型的判定方法及存在的问题。在结合两者优点的基础上，提出了一种新的稳定性判定方法——扩展Controlling UEP (ECUEP)方法。为了提高该方法的实用性和准确性，建议用数值仿真来替代一部分能量函数值的比较，并据此提出一种称为Hybrid ECUEP的扩展方法。     

考虑了动态约束和稳定约束的最优潮流

电力系统最优潮流于1962年由法国学者J．Carpentier最先提出，至今已整整四十年了。在这过去的四十年里，最优潮流算法取得了很大的发展，获得了广泛的应用。在电力市场化的今天，如何满足人们对最优潮流日益增高的要求，是对最优潮流的严峻挑战；本文侧重从动态最优潮流(DOPF)、暂态稳定限制下的最优潮流(TSCOPF)、电压稳定限制下的最优潮流(VSCOPF)等方面介绍了最优潮流的最新发展。并指出了最优潮流今后在电力市场中的发展方向。     

电压互感器的暂态特性及对距离保护的影响

本文就ＰＴ、ＣＶＴ的暂态特性及对距离保护的影响进行了比较。ＣＶＴ的暂态特性比ＰＴ的差，而ＣＶＴ在一次系统０°相位角短路时的暂态特性又比９０°短路时的差。     

超高压线路波过程及高频暂态电流保护性能分析

探讨了超高压输电线路发生故障后传输线波阻抗不均匀处暂态量的反射及透射情况,利用Peterson法则推导了保护安装处暂态电流的复频域表达式。明确了故障后影响各频率分量传播的主要因素,指出若选取合适的频段,则基于高频暂态电流高低频段能量比的保护对于不同故障时刻、过渡电阻及故障类型均有良好的自适应性。大量的仿真实验验证了所得出的结论。     

谐振接地配电系统馈线单相接地故障的暂态电流保护新原理

该文提出了用于中性点谐振(经消弧线圈)接地模式配电网馈线单相接地暂态电流保护的新原理。该保护的判断准则是理论分析的定义，所以是固定不变值，它具有较高的可靠性和灵敏度，毋须整定计算。在谐振接地系统馈线单相接地故障时，故障馈线的故障相暂态电流分量(TCC)与非故障相TCC的差别在于有消弧线圈提供的电感性TCC。为了消除电感性TCC的影响，文中提出了基于正交小波分解算法的、有选择性地提取馈线各相间TCC组合特征频带的测度比值作为判断准则，这样可获得与判断准则。经ATP和MATLAB仿真验证表明：该保护原理具有可行性、有效性和适应性，适合于谐振接地模式的任何配电系统。     

Numerical simulation of double-pipe condensers and evaporators

A detailed one-dimensional steady and transient numerical simulation of the thermal and fluid-dynamic behaviour of double-pipe heat exchangers (evaporators and condensers) has been carried out. The governing equations (continuity, momentum and energy) inside the internal tube and the annulus, together with the energy equation in the internal tube wall, external tube wall and insulation, are solved iteratively in a segregated manner. The discretized governing equations in the zones with fluid flow are efficiently coupled using an implicit step by step method. This formulation requires the use of empirical correlations for the evaluation of convective heat transfer, shear stress and void fraction. An implicit central difference numerical scheme and a line-by-line solver was used in the internal and external tube walls and insulation. A special treatment has been implemented in order to consider transitions (single-phase/two-phase, dry-out,…). All the flow variables (enthalpies, temperatures, pressures, mass fractions, velocities, heat fluxes,…) together with the thermophysical properties are evaluated at each point of the grid in which the domain is discretized. Different numerical aspects and comparisons with analytical and experimental results are presented in order to verify and validate the model.