Improvement of Formability by Oscillation of Internal Pressure in Pulsating Hydroforming of Tube

A new history of internal pressure in the hydroforming processes of tubes is developed to attain high formability. The effect of improvement of formability by the oscillation of internal pressure in a pulsating hydroforming process of tubes is examined using both finite element simulation and experiment. The deformation behaviour during the hydroforming is greatly affected by the oscillation of internal pressure. For a monotonic history of small internal pressure, the wrinkling was caused by insufficient bulging, whereas the necking and bursting occurred for a monotonic history of large internal pressure. The occurrence of these defects can be avoided by oscillating the internal pressure in the pulsating hydroforming. The improvement of formability in the pulsating hydroforming is due to both low pressure and oscillation of pressure. The effects of the amplitude and cycle number of pressure in the pulsating hydroforming on the deformation behaviour are investigated. It is found the oscillation of internal pressure is effective in preventing the occurrence of defects.     

Linear actuation in coextruded dielectric elastomer tubes

Cylindrical fibre actuators have been constructed by a coextrusion method using a thermoplastic polyurethane wall and a conductive grease filler. These actuators may be operated as single fibres or bundled together as actuating ropes. Key results include the validation of Carpi’s wall pressure model [F. Carpi, D.D. Rossi, Dielectric elastomer cylindrical actuators: electromechanical modelling and experimental evaluation, Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Supramol. Syst. 24 (2004) 555–562] and the proof-of-concept demonstration of a technique that can be used for producing inexpensive dielectric elastomer actuators on an industrial scale.     

基于西门子PLC的ACCU轧机基础自动化系统设计与开发

该文介绍攀成钢180ACCU轧管机的基础自动化系统设计与开发,该系统采用基于西门子S7—400PLC的解决方案。文中描述了该轧管机组的工艺流程和控制系统的功能需求,并从系统选型、系统结构及软硬件配置、应用软件开发和功能特点等方面进行了详细阐述。该方案对同类型轧管机控制系统的设计与开发具有较高的参考价值。     

离心铝热法制造陶瓷衬里复合管 Ⅱ.陶瓷不锈钢衬里复合管的探索

探索了离心铝热法制造陶瓷不锈钢衬里复合管的工艺,研究了复合管中陶瓷层、不锈钢层和碳钢层的金相组织特征,讨论了衬里层出现缺陷的原因,并提出相应的工艺改进措施。     

用于电厂化学水处理系统的德尔塔巴流量分的原理选型与计算

本文介绍了在电厂化学水处理中使用的德尔塔巴均速管流量计的原理、设计选型和计算的过程以及根据现场工况、测点的安装位置等进行校正的方法。     

Analytical treatment of counterflow pulse-tube refrigerators

In our laboratory we work an a new type of pulse-tube refrigerator. A complete set of relations is derived for the operation of counterflow pulse-tube refrigerators. The input parameters depend on the working fluid, the geometries of the pulse tube and the counterflow heat exchanger, and the compressor characteristics. The calculated molar flow in the heat exchanger agree within 5% with the measured value. The calculated and experimental lowest temperature and the temperature difference between the hot and cold gas in the heat exchanger agree within 10%. This larger difference is caused by difference between the modelled and real heat exchanger.     

轴向进给速度对内高压成形三通管影响的有限元分析

利用有限元法证实了内高压成形三通管的可行性,给出了不同轴向进给速度下零件的壁厚及应变分布,并就轴向进给速度对成形的影响进行了分析.结果表明,轴向进给速度的选取对内高压成形三通管具有重要影响.     

永宏PLC在自动三维弯管机系统中的应用

本文着重介绍了利用永宏FBs系列可编程控制器实现自动三维弯管机控制系统的设计。重点阐述了该系统的工作原理、硬件结构和软件设计，实践证明该弯管机系统实用性强、使用方便。     

Pool boiling heat transfer of carbon dioxide on a horizontal tube

Carbon dioxide is again becoming an important refrigerant. While the thermophysical properties are well known there is a lack of data on its heat transfer characteristics.

In this study, heat transfer coefficients for nucleate boiling of carbon dioxide are determined using a standard apparatus for the investigation of pool boiling based on a set-up from Karlsruhe [D. Gorenflo, J. Goetz, K. Bier. Vorschlag für eine Standard-Apparatur zur Messung des Wärmeübergangs beim Blasensieden. Wärme-und Stoffübertragung 16 (1982), 69–78; J. Goetz, Entwicklung und Erprobung einer Normapparatur zur Messung des Wärmeübergangs beim Blasensieden. Dissertation Universität Karlsruhe (1980).] and built at our institute. Electrically heated horizontal cylinders with an outer diameter of 16 mm and a length of 100 mm are used as heating elements. Measurements with constant heat flux are performed for different wall materials and surface roughnesses. The heat transfer is investigated within the pressure range of 0.53≤ p ≤1.43 MPa (0.072≤ p/p_c ≤0.190) and a temperature range of −56≤ t ≤−30 °C, respectively. Heat fluxes of up to 80,000 W m⁻² are applied.

The influences of wall material and roughness on the heat transfer coefficient are evaluated separately. The obtained coefficients are compared to generally accepted correlations and to experimental results of other authors, who used similar configurations with copper tubes and carbon dioxide. These are the only previous experimental data, which could be found. Results for copper, stainless steel and aluminium as wall materials are presented.     

Heat transfer characteristics of flat plate finned-tube heat exchangers with large fin pitch

The objective of this study is to provide experimental data that can be used in the optimal design of flat plate finned-tube heat exchangers with large fin pitch. In this study, 22 heat exchangers were tested with a variation of fin pitch, number of tube row, and tube alignment. The air-side heat transfer coefficient decreased with a reduction of the fin pitch and an increase of the number of tube row. The reduction in the heat transfer coefficient of the four-row heat exchanger coil was approximately 10% as the fin pitch decreased from 15.0 to 7.5 mm over the Reynolds number range of 500–900 that was calculated based on the tube diameter. For all fin pitches, the heat transfer coefficient decreased as the number of tube row increased from 1 to 4. The staggered tube alignment improved heat transfer performance more than 10% compared to the inline tube alignment. A heat transfer correlation was developed from the measured data for flat plate finned-tubes with large fin pitch. The correlation yielded good predictions of the measured data with mean deviations of 3.8 and 6.2% for the inline and staggered tube alignment, respectively.