C276镍基合金中子辐照活化计算分析

采用欧洲活化程序EASY-2007对C276的活化特性进行了活化计算与分析。计算所需中子能谱选取总中子通量约为2.47×1016n/cm2/s的瓦特裂变谱,辐照时间选取了0.5年、1年和1.5年三种情况。活化计算结果包括辐照停堆后不同冷却时间内C276活化产生的放射性活度、衰变余热及接触剂量率等。另外,本文将C276的活化特性与Zr-4及M5包壳材料作了初步的比较分析。结果表明,从中子活化角度看,C276与Zr-4相比并没有优势,但与M5相比还是有一定优势存在的。     

铝酸钙的微波合成与表征

铝酸钙是一种很有发展前景的环保型无机阻燃剂。以结晶氯化铝、氢氧化钠、氯化钙、氢氧化钙为原料,探讨了在微波辐射下合成铝酸钙(3CaO.Al2O3.6H2O)的方法。考察了反应温度、微波辐射时间、原料比等因素对反应的影响。通过优化试验,确定了合成3CaO.Al2O3.6H2O的适宜反应条件。结果表明:加入结晶氯化铝19.3g、氢氧化钠13.4g、氯化钙2.2g、氢氧化钙3.0g、水75.8mL,其中n(Al):n(OH-)=1∶4.2、n(Ca)∶n(Al)=3∶4.0、w(固)∶w(液)=1∶2.0;微波设定温度为100～115℃,微波辐射总时间为55min时,产品产率约为90%。采用TG-DTA及FE-SEM分析方法对产品的性质进行表征,分析结果显示产品的脱水温度约为298℃,产品的粒径小于5μm。     

基于AVR单片机的高精度紫外线检测仪的设计

介绍一种基于ATmega16L的高精度紫外线检测仪的设计,并给出了仪表设计的硬件结构框图和软件运行流程图。通过中船重工某所应用表明,该仪表具有测量精度高、性能稳定等技术优势。它能够适用于医院、卫生防疫部门、化工等消毒紫外线灯辐照强度的监测,具有广泛的应用前景。     

无溶剂微波辐射醋酸铵催化合成肉桂酸

以苯甲醛为原料,醋酸铵为催化剂,经Knoevenagel反应,采用微波辐射技术,在无溶剂条件下合成了肉桂酸。先研究了不同功率和时间下缩合反应的产率,然后用单因素试验法考察了苯甲醛与丙二酸的摩尔比、催化剂用量对反应的影响,得到反应的最佳条件:n(丙二酸)∶n(醋酸铵)∶n(苯甲醛)=1.1∶1.0∶1,微波功率640W,反应时间6min,肉桂酸产率为84.5%。     

Chemical and Chromatic Bases for Preferential Visiting By the Cabbage Butterfly, Pieris rapae, to Rape Flowers

Scent and coloration of corolla were examined as floral attributes responsible for preferential visiting by the cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae, to rape flower, Brassica rapa. Floral volatile components that release the flower-visiting behavior of the butterfly were identified by chemical analyses, electroantennography (EAG), and two behavioral bioassays: proboscis extension reflex (PER) in response to odor and attraction to artificial flowers. GC and GC-MS analyses of the headspace volatiles from the flowers revealed the presence of six aromatic compounds, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, phenylacetonitrile, and indole in decreasing order of quantity. Of these, phenylacetaldehyde elicited the highest response in the PER assay. While benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, benzaldehyde, and phenylacetonitrile evoked moderate responses, the PER-eliciting activity of indole was very weak. In two-choice behavioral bioassays, artificial flowers scented with any one of these PER-active compounds attracted significantly more butterflies than control (unscented) flowers, whereas those treated with indole were almost inactive. The EAG activities of the six chemicals were not high and were about the same at a low dose (1 g), but phenylacetaldehyde elicited a much stronger response from both sexes at higher doses (10 and 100 g). An overall profile of EAG responses at a dose of 100 g was analogous to that of PER performance, suggesting that floral volatiles may be involved in close-range location or recognition of flowers rather than long-range attraction. By spectroscopic and UV-photographic examinations of rape flower, the central part of the corolla was found to absorb UV rays in marked contrast to the other parts, which reflected near-UV rays (_max = 350 nm). This indicates that the flower is endowed with a conspicuous nectar guide that is probably an important visual stimulus for attracting foraging adults of P. rapae. Consequently, the present findings strongly suggest that this elaborate pollination strategy of rape flower, characterized by its good combination of olfactory and visual attractiveness, accounts for preferential visiting by the cabbage butterfly to the flower.     

一缩二乙醇二缩水甘油醚双丙烯酸酯的合成

以一缩二乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(DGDE)和丙烯酸为原料,N,N-二甲基苄胺为催化剂,对羟基苯甲醚为阻聚剂,制得了一缩二乙二醇二缩水甘油醚双丙烯酸酯(ADGDE)。讨论了催化剂用量、反应温度等因素对反应的影响,并用FT-IR和Photo-DSC对ADGDE的化学结构及光固化行为进行了表征。结果表明,反应温度为100℃、催化剂用量为1 0%时催化效果和反应速率较理想,用对羟基苯甲醚作阻聚剂得到的ADGDE颜色较浅;ADGDE的光聚合速率随光引发剂的用量增加而提高。     

成分分析仪在硫磺回收装置上的选用

针对硫磺回收工艺气的成分分析要求．结合某炼油厂硫回收装置中成分分析仪的选用与配置，个绍了两种成分分析仪的工作原理及特点．以及在硫磺回收装置中的选用与分析控制方案。     

单模聚焦微波催化合成乙酸异戊酯

乙酸异戊酯是一种重要的有机溶剂,在香料、溶剂、萃取剂等方面都有广泛的应用。利用美国CEM公司生产的Discover微波精确有机合成反应器,以冰乙酸、异戊醇为原料,以无水氯化钙和四氯化锡两种无机盐联合作为催化剂合成乙酸异戊酯,并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和折射仪对产品进行了表征。实验中考察了酸醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、微波功率及辐射时间的影响,确定了优化合成条件,实验结果表明,在n(乙酸)/n(异戊醇)为2.5∶1,无水氯化钙-四氯化锡质量为4 g,微波功率为120 W,微波辐射时间为16 min条件下,酯化率可达95.9%。产物乙酸异戊酯经折射仪和红外光谱仪的表征,确定为目标产物。     

Surface modification of biodegradable plastics by ion beams

Biodegradable plastics can be used as conventional plastics, while on disposal they decompose to water and carbon dioxide by microorganisms existing in natural environment. Products using biodegradable plastics have recently been developed in many companies pursuing ecology. In this study, surface modification of biodegradable plastics was carried out by inert ion beams for improvement of photo deterioration under an ultraviolet ray. The hardness of biodegradable plastics tended generally to decrease with irradiation of an ultraviolet ray. In this method, the hardness of ion-bombarded biodegradable plastics was kept at an initial value under an ultraviolet ray, because the modified layer by ion bombardment intercepted an ultraviolet ray. The hardness of He⁺ ion-bombarded biodegradable plastics showed larger value than that of Ar⁺ ion bombardment. He⁺ ion bombardment at ion energy of 10 keV produced the suitable property with both of high transmittance of a visible ray and high interception of an ultraviolet ray in a surface layer of biodegradable plastics.