润滑油聚结-真空组合分离脱水性能研究

结合润滑油真空分离极限含水量低和聚结分离脱水效率高的优点,提出润滑油聚结-真空组合分离脱水技术。介绍聚结-真空串联组合和聚结-真空一体式组合2种分离装置的结构原理和工作方式,选取L-TSA46汽轮机油作为试验对象,在相同条件下对2种分离装置脱水性能进行对比试验。结果表明:2种分离装置的脱水性能非常接近,聚结-真空串联组合分离装置的脱水效率略高于聚结-真空一体式组合分离装置,但聚结-真空串联组合分离装置体积较大,且其真空泵需连续工作因而磨损较快。     

高剪切力下气泡聚并与破碎特性的数值研究

了解气泡在剪切力场中的聚并与破碎机理及生长与运动特性,对于气液搅拌槽中桨叶的优化设计具有重要意义。将欧拉-欧拉模型与群体平衡模型(population balance model, PBM)进行耦合,对不同剪切力下的气液两相流场进行求解,研究了剪切力、高剪切力下进气速度、气泡塔高度对气泡聚并与破碎的影响,并结合气泡的聚并与破碎模型对高剪切力下气泡的聚并与破碎机理进行了探究。研究表明,剪切力主要影响气泡的破碎,当剪切力较小时其对气泡破碎的影响较小,随着剪切力的增大其对气泡破碎的影响逐渐显著,使小气泡的含量大幅增多;高剪切力下进气速度、气泡塔高度对气泡的聚并与破碎的影响不明显。     

Saturation swelling and the seeded emulsion polymerisation of styrene at high ionic strength

The effects of adding inorganic electrolyte (below the critical coagulation concentration) have been investigated in two systems for the emulsion polymerisation of styrene. In one system, potassium chloride, at different concentrations, was added at the end of interval I, using three different ionic emulsifiers: potassium octadecanoate which has a low critical micelle concentration (CMC), potassium dodecanoate and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), which have moderately high CMC. A significant increase in the rate of polymerisation was observed in all cases even at the higher levels of electrolyte at which the rate is reduced if the electrolyte is added from the onset of polymerisation. In the second system, the effects of adding sodium chloride, in concentrations up to 0.2_M, on the seeded emulsion polymerisation of styrene have been followed. A significant increase in the rate was observed as electrolyte level was increased, with no significant change in particle size. Saturation swelling measurements indicated a slight increase in monomer concentration inside the particles as electrolyte concentration was increased. Evaluation of the average number of free radicals per particle, n¯, by a steady state approach indicates an increase in the value of n¯ as electrolyte level is increased. The value of n¯ is below 0.5 but approaches this value at the highest electrolyte concentration. The increased surface area of the particles may account for this effect by increasing the capture efficiency of the radicals by the particles.     

Computational modeling of microbubble coalescence and breakup using large eddy simulation and Lagrangian tracking

The flow of dispersed microbubbles was studied with an Eulerian–Lagrangian technique using large eddy simulation to predict the continuous liquid flow and Lagrangian tracking to compute bubble trajectories. The model fully accounts for bubble coalescence and breakup and was applied to horizontal and vertical channel flows. With low levels of turbulence, gravity in horizontal, and lift in vertical, channel flows govern the bubble spatial and collision distribution. When turbulence is sufficiently high to, at least partially, oppose bubble preferential concentration, more uniform collision and coalescence distributions are found, although these remain peaked near the wall in both configurations. Almost 100% coalescence efficiency was always found, due to bubbles colliding along similar trajectories, with breakup only recorded in a flow of low surface tension refrigerant R134a. Models like this can provide the required quantitative understanding of the microbubbles complex behavior, as well as supporting the development of more macroscopic modeling closures.     

双气泡间的聚并时间测量及其影响因素

聚并时间是研究气泡聚并行为过程中的一个重要参数。在消除气泡生长速度对聚并时间影响的条件下,利用自行开发的光学测试技术对双气泡间的聚并时间进行了精确的测量。考察了气泡尺寸、靠近速度、有机溶质的扩散、电解质和表面活性剂的加入对气泡聚并行为的影响。实验结果表明,双气泡间的聚并时间随着气泡直径的增加、气泡老化时间的延长、靠近速度的减小和有机溶质浓度的增大而增加。     

反胶束萃取大豆蛋白前萃过程的动力学研究

系统研究了影响总传质系数的各个主要因素(缓冲溶液pH、反胶束含水量W0、表面活性剂浓度、KCl浓度、振荡速度操作温度),探讨了以丁二酸二异辛酯磺酸钠(AOT)/异辛烷反胶束体系萃取大豆蛋白前萃过程的动力学。结果表明,大豆蛋白前萃过程中总传质系数随缓冲溶液pH和KCl浓度的升高先增大后减小,分别在pH7.0和KCl浓度0.1mol/L附近出现最大值;随W0和AOT浓度的增加而增大,当W0大于12时,总传质系数基本不变;随温度的变化总传质系数变化不大。由此可以推断出蛋白质的加溶过程,不仅与蛋白质分子和表面活性剂之间的静电相互作用力和疏水力有关,而且与界面阻力有关。     

大速比准双曲面齿轮的设计与分析

利用准双曲面齿轮虚节锥设计方法,设计出两种可采用HFT切齿法加工的大速比准双曲面齿轮副(齿数比分别为3/37和4/37);并借助于局部综合法,研究了以上两种大速比准双曲面齿轮副的齿面接触印痕、传动误差等啮合性态.     

Three‐dimensional numerical simulation of coalescence and interactions of multiple horizontal bubbles rising in shear‐thinning fluids

The dynamics of multiple horizontal bubbles rising from different orifice arrangements in shear‐thinning fluids was simulated numerically by three‐dimensional Volume of Fluid method. The effects of bubble size, rheological properties of shear‐thinning fluids, and orifice structure arrangements on multiple bubbles interaction and coalescence were analyzed, and the mechanisms of bubble coalescence and breakup were fully discussed and elucidated. The variation of bubble rising velocity during coalescence process and freely rising processes for different orifice arrangements was also deeply investigated. The critical initial horizontal intervals for coalescence of multiple horizontal bubbles with various orifice arrangements were attained by simulation, which could serve as the critical criterion of bubble coalescence or noncoalescence. Furthermore, the critical bubble interval was predicted based on the film drainage model, the prediction accords well with the simulation result and is quite conducive for the design and optimization of perforated gas–liquid contact equipment. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 3528–3546, 2015     

Droplet breakage and coalescence in liquid–liquid dispersions: Comparison of different kernels with EQMOM and QMOM

Droplet coalescence and breakage in turbulent liquid–liquid dispersions is simulated by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and population balance modeling. The multifractal (MF) formalism that takes into account internal intermittency was here used for the first time to describe breakage and coalescence in a surfactant‐free dispersion. The log‐normal Extended Quadrature Method of Moments (EQMOM) was for the first time coupled with a CFD multiphase solver. To assess the accuracy of the model, predictions are compared with experiments and other models (i.e., Coulalogou and Tavlarides kernels and Quadrature Method of Moments [QMOM]). EQMOM and QMOM resulted in similar predictions, but EQMOM provides a continuous reconstruction of the droplet‐size distribution. Transient predictions obtained with the MF kernels result in a better agreement with the experiments. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 2293–2311, 2017