水平管内水蒸汽冷凝换热特性的数值模拟

对水蒸汽在内径为8 mm的水平圆管内,不同管壁温度、蒸汽流速、压力和入口过热度下的冷凝过程,采用通用CFD软件Fluent 13.0中的Mixture模型,结合UDF编程对水平管内冷凝物理模型进行数值模拟。通过分析相应的冷凝液分布云图、体积分数和局部换热系数的变化曲线,得出蒸汽在水平管内冷凝换热系数与壁温、蒸汽流速、压力和入口过热度的变化规律。并将模拟结果与实验测试结果进行了对比,得出模拟结果比计算值偏高约30%。     

钢管混凝土柱耐火极限和防火设计实用方法研究

在对钢管混凝土柱耐火极限试验研究和理论分析结果的基础上 ,分析了组成钢管 (高强 )混凝土的材料强度、截面含钢率、截面直径、构件长细比和荷载偏心率等参数对ISO 83 4标准火灾作用下 ,柱构件承载力的影响 ,提出了承载力和防火保护层厚度实用计算方法。最后 ,简要介绍了深圳赛格广场大厦和杭州瑞丰、商业大厦钢管混凝土柱防火保护设计方法 ,可供有关工程参考     

大型薄壁钢管受弯构件的稳定分析

考虑多种因素对大直径薄壁钢管受弯构件稳定承载力的影响,采用非线性有限元方法对大直径薄壁钢管受弯构件的受力性能进行综合分析.通过分析及参照相关规范,提出大直径薄壁钢管构件受弯构件稳定承载力的建议计算公式.     

汽车空调平行流多孔管的连续挤压技术

为了解决汽车平行流多孔管连续挤压过程中模具孔针断裂和产品焊合质量不好的问题,采用LLJ300铝连续挤压机,研制成功了具有凸模侧面加强筋、预成型模和具有分流通道的汽车空调平行流多孔管连续模具和腔体,有效解决了平行流多孔管连续挤压过程中存在的技术难题,并已应用于工业化生产.     

变压运行超临界压力直流锅炉螺旋管圈水冷壁的技术特点分析

结合螺旋管圈和垂直管圈的特点,阐述了变压运行下超临界压力及超超临界压力直流锅炉水冷壁产生水动力不稳定和传热恶化的原因及其解决问题的方法.介绍了近几年在国产机组中出现的螺旋管圈水冷壁的结构,其基本型式是螺旋管圈与垂直管圈相结合,并分析了该结构型式的技术特点.认为采用螺旋管圈水冷壁可提高水动力稳定性、抗燃烧干扰能力和运行可靠性,能抑制传热恶化,尤其是内螺纹管的变压运行技术性能较优越,因此,螺旋管圈水冷壁必将成为超临界压力及超超临界压力直流锅炉水冷壁的主要结构型式.     

CPC内聚光式热管集热管温度特性研究

为提高太阳能热水系统的输出温度,将CPC聚光技术应用于热管式真空集热管中,开发了一种新型的CPC内聚光式热管集热管。对该集热管建立数学模型,模拟计算其传热过程,获得了导热肋片温度、热管冷凝段温度等参数随太阳辐射强度的变化规律,并通过试验验证了数学模型的可靠性;与常规热管式真空管集热管传热特性相对比,证实了该集热管可大幅提高太阳能热水器输出温度。     

Stability analysis and characterization of the nano emulsified Jatropha-curcas-based bio-fuel

This work investigates the suspension duration of the nanosized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) in B20, B50 and B70 blends of Jatropha Methyl ester. The MWCNT and aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) are added to the fuel blends in the proportions of 50 and 100 pmm separately by ultra sonication. The prepared fuel samples are characterized, and turbidity analysis was done to find the stability rate of nano-additives. The outcomes reveal the maximum stability rate for MWCNT and Al₂O₃ as 83.3% and 87.03%, respectively, with 50ppm in B20 over a period of eighteen days. A considerable drop in suspension was observed with the 100 ppm MWCNT and Al₂O₃ biodiesel blends.     

Maximization of heat transfer density rate from a single row of rhombic tubes cooled by forced convection based on constructal design

The heat transfer density rate from a row of rhombic tubes cooled by forced convection is maximized based on constructal design. A row of parallel rhombic tubes are placed in a fixed volume, the horizontal axis of the tubes is kept constant while the vertical axis of the tubes and the spacing between the tubes are changed to facilitate the heat flow from the tubes to the coolant. The tubes are kept at constant temperature and the incoming free‐stream flow is induced by constant pressure drop. For steady, two‐dimensional, incompressible, and laminar forced convection, the governing equations are solved numerically by finite volume method with SIMPLE algorithm. The dimensionless pressure drop (Bejan number, Be) ranging from 10 ³ to 10 ⁵, the range of the vertical axis of the tube is 0.2 ≤ B ≤ 2, and the working fluid is air ( Pr = 0.71). The results show that the optimal spacing decreases and the maximum heat transfer density increases as the Bejan number increases for all vertical axes of the tube. Bejan number and the bluntness of the tube have a significant effect of the flow structure (separation and vortex formation) around the tubes at the optimal spacings.     

Maximization of heat transfer density from a vertical array of flat tubes in cross flow under fixed pressure drop using constructal design

The density of heat transfer rate from a vertical array of flat tubes in cross flow is maximized under fixed pressure drop using constructal design. With the constructal design, the tube arrangement is found such that the heat currents from the tubes to the coolant flow easily. The constraint in the present constructal design is the volume where the tubes are arranged inside it. The two degrees of freedom available inside the volume are the tube‐to‐tube spacing and the length of the flat part of the tubes (tube flatness). The tubes are heated with constant surface temperature. The equations of continuity, momentums, and energy for steady, two‐dimensional, and laminar forced convection are solved by means of a finite‐volume method. The ranges of the present study are Bejan number (dimensionless pressure drop) (10³ ≤ Be ≤ 10⁵) and tube flatness (dimensionless length of the tube flat part) (0 ≤ F ≤ 0.8). The coolant used is air with Prandtl number (Pr = 0.72). The results reveal that the maximum heat transfer density decreases when the tube flatness decreases at constant Bejan number. At constant tube flatness, the heat transfer density increases as the dimensionless pressure drop (Bejan number) increases. Also, the optimal tube‐to‐tube spacing is constant, irrespective of the tube flatness at constant Bejan number.     

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 某化工厂锅炉蒸发器吊挂管在运行了5年后突然发生爆裂失效。对该吊挂管进行了化学成分分析、金相检验、扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析及力学性能测定,结果表明：吊挂管爆口附近的碳含量和力学性能均低于相关标准规定值;管外壁脱碳;内部金相组织为过热组织。这些都是由于管内壁沉积有钙盐和硅酸盐类水垢,造成管体超温运行的结果。严重沉积的水垢还导致管内壁高温氢腐蚀,壁厚由原来的6 mm减至2～3 mm,因此发生了失效爆裂。根据分析结果提出了相应的解决方案。