Multiobjective invasive weed optimization: Application to analysis of Pareto improvement models in electricity markets

This paper presents a proposal for multiobjective Invasive Weed Optimization (IWO) based on nondominated sorting of the solutions. IWO is an ecologically inspired stochastic optimization algorithm which has shown successful results for global optimization. In the present work, performance of the proposed nondominated sorting IWO (NSIWO) algorithm is evaluated through a number of well-known benchmarks for multiobjective optimization. The simulation results of the test problems show that this algorithm is comparable with other multiobjective evolutionary algorithms and is also capable of finding better spread of solutions in some cases. Next, the proposed algorithm is employed to study the Pareto improvement model in two complex electricity markets. First, the Pareto improvement solution set is obtained for a three-player oligopolistic electricity market with a nonlinear demand function. Then, the IEEE 30-bus power system with transmission constraints is considered, and the Pareto improvement solutions are found for the model with deterministic cost functions. In addition, NSIWO algorithm is used to analyze this system with stochastic cost data in a risk management problem which maximizes the expected total profit but minimizes the profit risk in the market.     

FK6-600牵伸加弹机上“格里森”制齿轮的国产化与改进

对FK6-600牵伸加弹机主传动中"格里森"制圆弧螺旋齿轮的失效情况进行了考察和研究。通过对德国DIN867和我国JB110标准的分析,采用了等顶隙收缩齿并对其进行了合理改进,同时在现场安装工作中采取了必要措施,取得了较好的技术经济效果。     

Citations do not solve problems.

D. T. Cambell and D. W. Fiske (1959) made the now-obvious statement that measures of the same variable made by different methods should agree (converge) and certainly should agree better than measures of different variables made by those several methods. Almost everyone accepted that statement, yet the multitrait–multimethod matrices published today show little or no improvement over the published examples cited in 1959. The article raised the conceptual problem of how a variable and its measurement should be linked and the methodological problem of clarifying the nature of methods and their effects. Given these unresolved problems, it is perhaps not surprising that the question of the appropriate statistical analysis of these matrices has also no consensual answer. Perhaps methods and traits or contents are so thoroughly intertwined that their interaction cannot be adequately analyzed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

LED充电台灯产品质量安全风险监测分析

近年来带锂离子电池的可移动式LED充电台灯引发爆炸、起火、燃烧等质量安全事件时有发生,为充分了解该类产品的质量状况,确保消费者的生命财产安全。本文选取了电商平台上销售的30批次样品进行试验、分析和评估,结果显示:样品存在标记缺失、结构不合格、耐热不合格、电池外部短路不合格等质量安全风险。依据国家相关的风险评估标准,将该类产品不同的监测项目应进行风险等级评划分,并针对风险等级程度对产品的质量提升要求提出了相关处置建议。     

CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Generation of Pathogen-Resistant Tomato against Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus and Powdery Mildew

Tomato is one of the major vegetable crops consumed worldwide. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and fungal Oidium sp. are devastating pathogens causing yellow leaf curl disease and powdery mildew. Such viral and fungal pathogens reduce tomato crop yields and cause substantial economic losses every year. Several commercial tomato varieties include Ty-5 (SlPelo) and Mildew resistance locus o 1 (SlMlo1) locus that carries the susceptibility (S-gene) factors for TYLCV and powdery mildew, respectively. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) is a valuable genome editing tool to develop disease-resistant crop varieties. In this regard, targeting susceptibility factors encoded by the host plant genome instead of the viral genome is a promising approach to achieve pathogen resistance without the need for stable inheritance of CRISPR components. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was employed to target the SlPelo and SlMlo1 for trait introgression in elite tomato cultivar BN-86 to confer host-mediated immunity against pathogens. SlPelo-knockout lines were successfully generated, carrying the biallelic indel mutations. The pathogen resistance assays in SlPelo mutant lines confirmed the suppressed accumulation of TYLCV and restricted the spread to non-inoculated plant parts. Generated knockout lines for the SlMlo1 showed complete resistance to powdery mildew fungus. Overall, our results demonstrate the efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to introduce targeted mutagenesis for the rapid development of pathogen-resistant varieties in tomato.     

Formation of Proto-Kranz in C3 Rice Induced by Spike-Stalk Injection Method

Introduction of C4 photosynthetic traits into C3 crops is an important strategy for improving photosynthetic capacity and productivity. Here, we report the research results of a variant line of sorghum–rice (SR) plant with big panicle and high spikelet density by introducing sorghum genome DNA into rice by spike-stalk injection. The whole-genome resequencing showed that a few sorghum genes could be integrated into the rice genome. Gene expression was confirmed for two C4 photosynthetic enzymes containing pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Exogenous sorghum DNA integration induced a series of key traits associated with the C4 pathway called “proto-Kranz” anatomy, including leaf thickness, bundle sheath number and size, and chloroplast size in bundle sheath cells. Significantly, transgenic plants exhibited enhanced photosynthetic capacity resulting from both photosynthetic CO₂-concentrating effect and improved energy balance, which led to an increase in carbohydrate levels and productivity. Furthermore, such rice plant exhibited delayed leaf senescence. In summary, this study provides a proof for the feasibility of inducing the transition from C3 leaf anatomy to proto-Kranz by spike-stalk injection to achieve efficient photosynthesis and increase productivity.     

Next Generation Cereal Crop Yield Enhancement: From Knowledge of Inflorescence Development to Practical Engineering by Genome Editing

Artificial domestication and improvement of the majority of crops began approximately 10,000 years ago, in different parts of the world, to achieve high productivity, good quality, and widespread adaptability. It was initiated from a phenotype-based selection by local farmers and developed to current biotechnology-based breeding to feed over 7 billion people. For most cereal crops, yield relates to grain production, which could be enhanced by increasing grain number and weight. Grain number is typically determined during inflorescence development. Many mutants and genes for inflorescence development have already been characterized in cereal crops. Therefore, optimization of such genes could fine-tune yield-related traits, such as grain number. With the rapidly advancing genome-editing technologies and understanding of yield-related traits, knowledge-driven breeding by design is becoming a reality. This review introduces knowledge about inflorescence yield-related traits in cereal crops, focusing on rice, maize, and wheat. Next, emerging genome-editing technologies and recent studies that apply this technology to engineer crop yield improvement by targeting inflorescence development are reviewed. These approaches promise to usher in a new era of breeding practice.     

臭氧脱硝技术在稀贵多金属烟气治理中的应用

主要介绍在面临环境保护要求不断提升,废气排放指标不断降低的情况下,使用臭氧氧化+液碱脱硝技术对稀贵卡尔多炉和旋转顶吹炉生产回收金、银、硒、碲、铅、铋等金属产出的烟气的治理。治理后二氧化硫指标小于50mg/m3、氮氧化合物小于60mg/m3、尘指标小于10mg/m3,满足A类企业环保要求,同时其他重金属指标都满足国家国控指标要求,达到超低排放要求。     

基于FANUC数控系统实现刀具寿命管理

文章结合HARDINGE数控车床实例，介绍了如何利用FANUC18T数控系统中提供的计数器跟踪刀具加工的次数，通过新增一个刀具寿命管理功能模块的PMC子程序，为用户提供一个友好、可视、便捷的刀具寿命管理功能。对今后类似的设备功能设计和改进都具有实际的指导意义和参考价值。     

冷轧处理线卷取机带头定位精度的改进

针对采用带头与卷取机芯轴橡胶套筒定位区动态接触的传统自动定位技术控制效果不好而带来带头印缺陷的问题，对其产生原因进行了分析，这是因为不同规格、钢种带钢的工艺参数不同，带钢穿带过程中在传送辊上的打滑量不同，在传输通道上的下垂量不同，带头到达卷取机芯轴定位区时计算带头位置与实际带头位置存在不稳定的偏差，因此带头定位精度不稳定。为此，开发了双动态自动定位技术，穿带过程中预留了足够的带钢打滑及下垂富余量，且带头与定位区中心线在助卷皮带咬入口静止状态下接触，消除了影响带头定位精度的主要因素，带头定位精度能稳定在±15 mm的误差范围内。实际应用效果表明，该方法可行、实用。