Study to analyze the influence of sprouting of the wheat grain on the grinding process

Several studies have been carried out on the grinding characteristic of three species of common wheat (Triticum aestivum, ssp. vulgare). The three-day germinated kernels were pulverized in a micro hammer mill equipped with a changeable screen. The moisture of samples was 12% (w.b.). The results showed that the sprouting of wheat had a significant influence on the grinding process. The average particle size of the pulverized material obtained from the sprouted kernels was almost always significantly lower than those from the sound kernels. The highest changes were observed in the increase of the fraction of particles below a size of 200 μm, caused by sprouting. The sprouting caused a decrease in the value of specific grinding energy in all cultivars. Based on the parameters of screen openings and cultivar, the values of specific grinding energy ranged from 35.5 to 141.6 kJ kg⁻¹ and from 41.4 to 164.3 kJ kg⁻¹ for the sprouted and sound kernels, respectively. In addition, the other values of grinding energy indices confirmed that sprouting significantly reduced the grinding energy requirements. The average value of the grinding ability index was 3.9 and 4.8 kJ m⁻² for the sprouted and sound wheat, respectively. Whereas, sprouting caused a decrease in the average value of the grinding index from 71.2 to 58.0 kJ kg⁻¹ mm^0.5.     

馒头的体积与面筋质含量的关系

本研究以鲜酵母为发酵剂,采用一次发酵法,对面粉中面筋质含量与馒头体积的关系进行了探讨,得出了湿面筋含量在20～54％范围内馒头体积与其面筋质含量呈线性关系;馒头专用粉的湿面筋含量应在30.6～36.6％之间的结论。从而为工业化馒头生产线的研制及馒头品质的研究提供了必要的数学依据。     

小麦面筋蛋白的磷酸化改性研究

用正交试验法对小麦面筋蛋白进行磷酸化改性的工艺条件优选。结果表明 ,在三聚磷酸钠与小麦面筋蛋白之比为 3∶1 0、反应时间为 0 5h、反应温度为 2 0℃及反应pH值为 1 0 0的最佳条件下制备的磷酸化小麦面筋蛋白功能特性有大幅度提高     

小麦谷朊与淀粉的制取工艺研究

阐述了小麦谷朊、淀粉的制取原理及工艺 ,通过对现有生产工艺的研究、对比 ,拟定了几种新方法 ;并对影响谷朊得率和质量的因素 ,进行正交实验 ,得到了一个谷朊得率较高、品质较好、适合于我国推广的工艺方法 .     

中国北方主食馒头粉质量评价新方法研究

对 39家面粉厂、食品厂的湿面筋进行检测 ,研究其蠕变特性 ,找到了湿面筋球在一定温湿度条件下 ,在水平面上形状蠕变的重要规律 ,并通过数学归纳 ,得出了面筋球蠕变的重要指标 :(d/2 ) 2 πh/g .这一指标与馒头的评分有很好的相关性 ,与馒头的扩展比相关性极为显著 .该评价指标对中国北方馒头粉的质量评价开辟了一条新途径 .     

Effects of Green Liquor (GL) and Sodium Carbonate (SC) Pretreatment on Structural Characteristics of Wheat Stem Lignin

The content and structure of lignin have been considered as important factors that affect both pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. In this work, wheat stems (WS) were pretreated using mild alkali including green liquor (GL) and sodium carbonate (SC). The results indicate that GL pretreatment exhibits better delignification selectivity and higher enzymatic digestibility than SC pretreatment. Analysis of ¹H–¹³C HSQC NMR and FTIR on cellulolytic enzyme lignin (CEL) preparations isolated from untreated and pretreated WS also proves that a certain amount of lignin degrades which leads to a decrease of β-O-4′ linkages. Under mild alkaline conditions, more guaiacyl units in lignin are removed than syringyl units, which results in a higher condensation degree and S/G ratio of CELs isolated from GL- and SC-pretreated stems. Compared with p-coumarate structures, ferulates in lignin are more stable under mild alkaline conditions.     

Preparation of electrospun nanofibers based on wheat gluten containing azathioprine for biomedical application

In this study, wheat gluten fibers loaded by the azathioprine were fabricated and their physicochemical properties were studied. The nanofibers were characterized by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transformed-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, thermogravimetric, and differential thermal analysis. The SEM images showed that the addition of polyvinyl alcohol decreased the fibers’ diameters. The diameters of 77.14?±?14.11?nm were obtained for the wheat gluten–polyvinyl alcohol loaded drug fibers. In addition, the cell viability evaluation conducted by the MTT assay proved no cytotoxicity of the prepared nonofibers at concentrations up to 4?mg/mL to human umbilical vein endothelial cell.     

Simulation of autohydrolysis effect on adsorptivity of wheat straw in the case of oil spill cleaning

This work deals with the use of chemically modified wheat straw as efficient low-cost adsorbent for combating oil-spills in aquatic environment. The autohydrolyzed wheat straw was produced from the corresponding raw material by autohydrolysis in a PARR batch reactor (autoclave) at 160–240 °C for 0–50 min isothermal reaction time (following a non-isothermal preheating period). Oil adsorbency tests were performed, using diesel and crude oil spills in freshwater and seawater. Diesel and crude oil adsorbency values were found to increase up to a maximum by intensifying the autohydrolysis conditions, i.e., time and temperature. The adsorbency values were estimated by a proposed novel model incorporating the autohydrolysis severity factor R₀. Optimal modification conditions were found for log R₀ = 5.15 (i.e., 200 °C, 10 min isothermal time period) giving diesel adsorbency up to 6.65 g g⁻¹ and crude oil adsorbency up to 6.91 g g⁻¹. The maximum adsorbency values were comparable to those of the commonly used commercial adsorbents.     

Biosorption of copper (II) from aqueous solutions by wheat shell

The adsorption capacity of wheat shell for copper (II) was studied at various pH (2-7), agitation speeds (50-250 rpm) and initial metal ion concentrations (Co, from 10 to 250 mg.L⁻¹). Maximum biosorption of copper onto wheat shell occurred at 240 rpm agitation speed and at pH between 5 and 6. The biosorption values of copper (11) were increased with increasing pH from 2 to 5 and decreased with increasing copper/wheat shell (x/m) ratios from 0.83 to 10.84 mgCu(II).g⁻¹ wheat shell. The biosorption efficiencies at these x/m ratios were 99% and 52%, respectively, at the end of the 120 min contact time (t). The equilibrium isotherms and kinetics were obtained from batch adsorption experiments at 298 K. It was observed that wheat shell was a suitable biosorbent for removing Cu(II) from aqueous solutions.     

麦草浆黑液降粘消除硅干扰的研究

针对麦草浆黑液蒸发难的问题，采用补加烧碱消除硅干扰从而降低粘度的方法改善其蒸发性能。实验结果表明：补加烧碱能降低黑液粘度60％左右，基本上消除了硅干扰。